Nonlinear control techniques for the heart rate regulation in treadmill exercises

It has been recently shown in the literature that a robust output feedback controller for the heart rate regulation can be designed for an experimentally validated second order nonlinear model of the human heart rate response during long-duration treadmill exercises: It is based on piecewise linear approximations of the original nonlinear model and involves (local) robust linear control techniques. In this letter, we resort to recent nonlinear advanced control techniques in order to illustrate the existence of a nonlocal and nonswitching control which guarantees heart rate regulation with no exact knowledge of model parameters and nonlinearities: It simply generalizes to the nonlinear framework the classical proportional-integral control design for linear models of heart rate response during treadmill exercises. Simulation and experimental results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed approach in typical training exercises involving warm up/holding/cool down phases.