Embedded C-dipole antenna for the wireless monitoring of abdominal grafts

Abdominal aortic aneurysms (AAAs) and related vascular conditions often require the implantation of stent grafts to prevent life-threatening complications, such as rupture or internal bleeding, yet the long-term success of these devices can be compromised by issues like endoleaks, thrombosis, and mechanical failure. This paper presents the design and testing of a wireless RFID-based sensing device integrated into an abdominal graft for real-time monitoring. The system, which includes a miniaturized C-dipole antenna embedded between the stent's metallic rings, leverages battery-free RFID technology for remote data transmission. The proposed approach allows non-invasive, continuous monitoring of the stent graft, reducing the need for costly imaging techniques and hospital visits. The numerical simulations and preliminary tests in a liquid human body phantom show that the device allows a reliable communication link at a depth of 7 cm, and so has the potential to detect complications by leveraging on its sensing capabilities.