The molecular link between oxidative stress, insulin resistance, and type 2 diabetes: A target for new therapies against cardiovascular diseases

Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2D) is a chronic disease with a pandemic incidence whose pathogenesis has not yet been clarified. Raising evidence highlighted the role of oxidative stress in inducing insulin resistance, pancreatic beta-cell dysfunction, and leading to cardiovascular disease (CVD). Therefore, understanding the link between oxidative stress, T2D and CVD may help to further understand the pathological processes beyond this association, to personalize the algorithm of the cure, and to find new therapeutic targets. Here, we discussed the role of oxidative stress and the decrease of antioxidant defenses in the pathogenesis of T2D. Furthermore, some aspects of hypoglycemic therapies and their potential role as antioxidant agents were examined, which might be pivotal in preventing CVD in T2D patients.