Reservation based electric vehicle charging using battery switch

With the growing popularization of Electric Vehicles (EVs), charging management has become an increasingly important research problem in smart cities. Different from plug-in charging technology, we alternatively enable the battery switch technology to provide fast EV charging (reduce the service waiting time from tens of minutes to a few minutes), by facilitating the switchable (fully-recharged) batteries maintained at CSs and also the batteries cycling procure to refresh their availability. Nevertheless, potential hot spot may still happen at CSs, due to running out of switchable batteries as well as long batteries charging queue. With this concern, we next propose a reservation based EV charging management scheme to alleviate such situation, considering EVs' anticipated charging reservations (including arrival time, expected charging time) to coordinate EVs' charging plans. Results under the Helsinki city scenario with realistic EV and CS characteristics show the advantage of our enabling technology, in terms of minimized waiting time for the battery switch as the benefit of EV drivers, and higher number of batteries switched as the benefit of CSs.