Subject of the thesis is the study of some categories of teriomorphic myths as animals which have Zeus (the highest member of the Greek pantheon) as main character on one side and, on the other, human women, belonging to royal or aristocratic families, or simple nymphs, or even female divinities part of the so-called “Olympics” or to some representative of the “pre-Olympics” generation. Special attention has been given to the erotic-etiologic theme, common background to the various tales. The study of the myths has brought to re-examine, like in a labyrinth, the philological hermeneutic, when the tale itself was getting enriched of many sources of interpretation, stemming from different literary types and historical ages. With the support of different review lectures, the work moves along some significant nodes, and, within them some in-deep philosophical, anthropological, religious and artistic analyses have been developed. In this direction the study of selected stories, in which Zeus excels, has lead to the discovery of a reality which embraced other means and many links with the study of the institutions in that age as the marriage and the family. If some myths, in which divinities had roles and anthropomorphic characteristic, could have appeared rich of interpretative elements, all parts of the etiology or the religious sense, in opposition some others, less known and rich of fantastic elements, have supported an interpretation which highlighted the misteriosofic or philosophic-neoplatonic aspects. Hence, heroes and divinities taking the scene, and, with animal features, generate other divinities with whom to engage in a wedding: in this way it has been tried to move along the story of some pre-Hellenic myths survived to the rationalistic entities and to the Christian apologistics. This myths have been revitalised after having abandoned cleaned-up of an interpretation according to which they were considered as a materialisation of abstract, philosophic concepts, during an age strongly affected by a religious syncretism as the neo-Platonism. One of the most charming aspects, stemming from this myth, is found in the symbolism in which transformation to animal are often linked, involving the main actors of the histories, being them either heroes, or divinities or even mortal human beings. This is the reason why in the degradation to animals a hidden way is sometime found, similar to the one of the divinity, owner of the initiation process to her own mysterious rituals. It has been noted also how the stereotype of the young girl being desired by Zeus has become the prototype of a new female model, protagonist of a new vision of the marriage institution. A reflection has been devoted also to the study of the single element which underlies the multiplicity of metamorphosis myths, and to the investigation of what can be defined an identification of divinities in the area of the Mediterranean sea, reminding to pre-Hellenic and egean-cretean religious sense of the various Mediterranean regions where it was used to refer to the Mother-Dea primordial and vivificatrix entity, with many attributes.
L’argomento della tesi verte sullo studio di alcune categorie di miti teriomorfici, che vedono come protagonisti, da una parte Zeus (il maggiore esponente del pantheon greco), dall’altra parte, donne mortali, appartenenti a famiglie regali o illustri, semplici ninfe, o divinità femminili, appartenenti sia al gruppo degli dei cosiddetti “olimpici”, sia ad alcune rappresentanti della generazione “pre-olimpica”. Si è deciso di approfondire infatti il tema erotico-eziologico, che fa da sfondo alle storie prese in esame. Lo studio dei miti ci ha condotto a ripercorrere, come in un labirinto, l’ermeneutica filologica, dove la diegesi dei miti si arricchiva di molteplici disamine di fonti, provenienti dai diversi generi letterari ed epoche storiche. Supportato da letture critiche il lavoro si snoda lungo dei nuclei significativi, all’interno dei quali vengono sviluppati approfondimenti di carattere filosofico, antropologico, religioso ed artistico. In tale direzione, lo studio delle storie selezionate, in cui predomina la figura di Zeus, ci ha condotti alla scoperta di una realtà fenomenica che si dischiudeva ad altri significati e a molteplici agganci con lo studio delle istituzioni dell’epoca quali il matrimonio e la famiglia. Se alcuni miti in cui le divinità rivestivano ruoli e caratteristiche antropomorfiche potevano apparire ricchi di elementi interpretativi, che si circoscrivevano nell’ambito dell’eziologia o della religiosità tout-court, altri meno noti o meno ricchi di elementi fantastici ci spingevano a tentare anche un’interpretazione che ne sottolineava l’aspetto misteriosofico o filosofico-neoplatonico. Ecco pertanto sfilare davanti al nostro sguardo eroi e divinità che assumono l’aspetto di animale per generare altre divinità con cui sigillare un’unione matrimoniale: si è cercato così di ripercorrere la storia di alcuni miti preellenici sopravvissuti alla critica razionalistica e degli apologeti cristiani. Miti rinati dopo essere stati liberati da un tipo di interpretazione che li vedeva quali materializzazioni di concetti filosofici astratti, in un’età caratterizzata dal sincretismo religioso quale quella del neoplatonismo. Uno degli aspetti più coinvolgenti che emana da questi miti si ritrova nel simbolismo a cui spesso alludono le trasformazioni in esseri animali, che investono i protagonisti delle storie, siano essi divinità o eroi o comuni mortali. Ecco pertanto che nella degradazione in essere animale si nasconde a volte il percorso simile a quello compiuto dalla divinità che sta ala guida nel processo di iniziazione ai propri riti misterici. Si è visto altresì come la figura della fanciulla inseguita e desiderata da Zeus sia diventata il prototipo di un nuovo modello femminile, protagonista di una nuova visione dell’istituzione matrimoniale. Ci si è soffermati inoltre sullo studio di quell’unità che sottende la molteplicità dei miti di metamorfosi, nonché sull’indagine di quella che si può definire una “sovrapposizione” di divinità nell’ambito del bacino del Mediterraneo e che rimanda ad una religiosità pre-ellenica ed egeo-cretese dove nelle varie regioni del Mediterraneo ci si rivolgeva con epiteti diversi alla medesima Dea Madre, entità primordiale e vivificatrice.
Belluardo, T. (2009). Miti teriomorfici nella letteratura greca [10.58015/belluardo-tania_phd2009-08-24].
Miti teriomorfici nella letteratura greca
2009-08-24
Abstract
Subject of the thesis is the study of some categories of teriomorphic myths as animals which have Zeus (the highest member of the Greek pantheon) as main character on one side and, on the other, human women, belonging to royal or aristocratic families, or simple nymphs, or even female divinities part of the so-called “Olympics” or to some representative of the “pre-Olympics” generation. Special attention has been given to the erotic-etiologic theme, common background to the various tales. The study of the myths has brought to re-examine, like in a labyrinth, the philological hermeneutic, when the tale itself was getting enriched of many sources of interpretation, stemming from different literary types and historical ages. With the support of different review lectures, the work moves along some significant nodes, and, within them some in-deep philosophical, anthropological, religious and artistic analyses have been developed. In this direction the study of selected stories, in which Zeus excels, has lead to the discovery of a reality which embraced other means and many links with the study of the institutions in that age as the marriage and the family. If some myths, in which divinities had roles and anthropomorphic characteristic, could have appeared rich of interpretative elements, all parts of the etiology or the religious sense, in opposition some others, less known and rich of fantastic elements, have supported an interpretation which highlighted the misteriosofic or philosophic-neoplatonic aspects. Hence, heroes and divinities taking the scene, and, with animal features, generate other divinities with whom to engage in a wedding: in this way it has been tried to move along the story of some pre-Hellenic myths survived to the rationalistic entities and to the Christian apologistics. This myths have been revitalised after having abandoned cleaned-up of an interpretation according to which they were considered as a materialisation of abstract, philosophic concepts, during an age strongly affected by a religious syncretism as the neo-Platonism. One of the most charming aspects, stemming from this myth, is found in the symbolism in which transformation to animal are often linked, involving the main actors of the histories, being them either heroes, or divinities or even mortal human beings. This is the reason why in the degradation to animals a hidden way is sometime found, similar to the one of the divinity, owner of the initiation process to her own mysterious rituals. It has been noted also how the stereotype of the young girl being desired by Zeus has become the prototype of a new female model, protagonist of a new vision of the marriage institution. A reflection has been devoted also to the study of the single element which underlies the multiplicity of metamorphosis myths, and to the investigation of what can be defined an identification of divinities in the area of the Mediterranean sea, reminding to pre-Hellenic and egean-cretean religious sense of the various Mediterranean regions where it was used to refer to the Mother-Dea primordial and vivificatrix entity, with many attributes.File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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