The rapid growth of Internet applications (i.e., email, file transfer, remote access, web browsing, e-learning, e-banking, video-conferencing, etc.) is causing progressive congestion of telecommunication networks. Moreover, new classes of services including telemedicine, information dissemination, emergency support, disaster response and public information, may require broadband and untethered connectivity. Therefore, wireless access is gaining growing importance due to its intrinsic flexibility and ubiquity. In such a context, the use of satellite systems represents an attractive option, since they can offer high transmission capacity and large coverage. In fact, a satellite system can guarantee broadband access to the global network in sparsely populated areas where deploying a terrestrial infrastructure remains unappealing or in regions where the deployment of terrestrial facilities remains impractical. Moreover, satellites can be integrated to terrestrial wireless (WiFi, UMTS, etc.) for enhancing mobile access to the Internet by both pedestrians and vehicles while it is often the only option for aeronautical and maritime users. Most of broadband satellite systems are deployed at traditional geostationary orbit (GEO). In this scenario, IP-based transfers must face some peculiar challenges. In particular, performance of Internet applications, being based on the “Transmission Control Protocol” (TCP) at the transport layer, is strongly affected by several factors introduced by satellite systems (i.e., large latency, losses not due to congestion , high link asymmetry, etc.). Such factors make standard TCP inefficient over satellite links, resulting in poor performance. The analysis and the design of an optimized transport layer for system including a satellite segment has been the object of the author's Ph.D. program in the frame of the 19th cycle of the Ph.D. course of “Space System and Technologies” at the University of Rome “Tor Vergata”. This thesis has a twofold aim: present all the achievements coming from the author's research activity and, based on the collected experience, propose the design of a emulation platform optimized to test TCP/IP protocols over a likely satellite environment. The work is organized in six chapters. Chapter 1 deals with basic notions concerning satellite systems. In particular, network architectures, services, standard and security aspects are briefly discussed. Chapter 2 summarizes main mechanisms regulating the standard TCP protocol. It aims at highlighting the main TCP protocol characteristics, essential to understand the subsequent chapters which focus on issues of TCP in satellite-based environments. Chapter 3 offers a comprehensive analysis of TCP performance over satellite links. Along with the identification of both the main limitation and the proposed solutions to improve TCP performance, a vast gamut of analytical, simulation and experimentation results, coming from the author's research activity, are presented. Chapter 4 collects all the outcomes of the author's activity, focusing on the enhancement of the transport layer for Satellite-based Internet applications. Chapter 5 describes the main characteristics of an emulation platform, named “Satellite Network Emulation Platform” (SNEP), designed by author to reproduce the variable characteristics of a satellite network (DVB-RCS like) through an active emulation approach. Finally, conclusions are drawn in Chapter 6.
L’affermazione di Internet come strumento di comunicazione globale ha portato al progressivo congestionamento delle reti di telecomunicazione. Inoltre, la diffusione di nuove classi di servizi, tra cui la telemedicina, il supporto alle emergenze, la divulgazione a larga scala di informazioni, richiede una connettività a banda larga e ininterrotta. Per tale ragione, le reti d’accesso “senza filo”, o wireless, stanno guadagnando una crescente importanza grazie alla loro intrinseca flessibilità di impiego (bassi costi di installazione e possibilità di raggiungere ogni tipo di area). In tale contesto, l’utilizzo di sistemi satellitari rappresentano una soluzione estremamente efficiente offrendo elevate capacità di trasmissione e larghe coperture. In particolare, un sistema satellitare è in grado di garantire un accesso a larga banda ad Internet nelle area scarsamente popolate in cui il dispiegamento di infrastrutture terrestri non è economicamente vantaggioso, o in aree in cui il dispiegamento di infrastrutture terrestri rimane impraticabile (per esempio, oceani, aree desertiche, zone montuose). In aggiunta, i sistemi satellitari se integrati con sistemi wireless terrestri (WiFi, UMTS) possono favorire l’estensione dell’area di accesso a Internet per terminali mobili. La maggior parte dei sistemi satellitari a larga banda si basano su satelliti collocati in orbite geostazionarie (GEO) a circa 36000 km dalla superficie terrestre. In questo scenario di comunicazione, i protocolli TCP/IP si trovano ad affrontare problematiche nuove che ne riducono drasticamente le prestazioni. In particolare, le prestazioni del “Transmission Control Protocol” (TCP), sono particolarmente sensibili ad alcuni fattori caratterizzanti i sistemi satellitari geostazionari: elevati ritardi di propagazione, perdite di pacchetti non dovuti a congestione (BER≠0), presenza di collegamenti asimmetrici, ecc. L’analisi e la progettazione di uno strato di trasporto ottimizzato per sistemi che includono un segmento satellitare è stato l’oggetto del programma di dottorato dell’autore, nell’ambito del “XIX° ciclo di dottorato in Sistemi e Tecnologie per lo Spazio” presso l’università di Roma “Tor Vergata”. Questa tesi ha una duplice finalità: presentare tutti i risultati ottenuti dall’autore nell’ambito della sua attività di ricerca, e sulla base dell’esperienza accumulata, proporre il progetto di una piattaforma di emulazione ottimizzata per valutare le prestazioni di protocolli TCP/IP in ambiente satellitare. La trattazione è organizzata in sei capitoli. Il Capitolo 1 tratta i concetti di base riguardanti i sistemi satellitari: architetture, servizi, standard, sicurezza. Il Capitolo 2 riassume i principali meccanismi del TCP, essenziali per comprendere i temi trattati nei capitoli successivi. Nel Capitolo 3 vengono approfondite le principali limitazioni del TCP in ambienti satellitari, nonché le soluzioni proposte per migliorarne le prestazioni, e viene presentata una vasta gamma di risultati ottenuti per via analitica e tramite simulazioni e sperimentazioni. Il Capitolo 4 sintetizza i principali risultati ottenuti delle attività svolte dall’autore e finalizzate all’ottimizzazione dello strato di trasporto per applicazioni Internet in ambiente satellitare. Nel Capitolo 5 sono descritte le principali caratteristiche della piattaforma di emulazione, denominata “Satellite Network Emulation Platform” (SNEP), progettata dall’autore allo scopo di riprodurre un ambiente satellitare conforme allo standard DVB-RCS. Infine, le conclusioni sono sintetizzate nel Capitolo 6.
Roseti, C. (2009). Enhancing transport layer in satellite systems: design and development of an emulation platform [10.58015/roseti-cesare_phd2009-07-29].
Enhancing transport layer in satellite systems: design and development of an emulation platform
ROSETI, CESARE
2009-07-29
Abstract
The rapid growth of Internet applications (i.e., email, file transfer, remote access, web browsing, e-learning, e-banking, video-conferencing, etc.) is causing progressive congestion of telecommunication networks. Moreover, new classes of services including telemedicine, information dissemination, emergency support, disaster response and public information, may require broadband and untethered connectivity. Therefore, wireless access is gaining growing importance due to its intrinsic flexibility and ubiquity. In such a context, the use of satellite systems represents an attractive option, since they can offer high transmission capacity and large coverage. In fact, a satellite system can guarantee broadband access to the global network in sparsely populated areas where deploying a terrestrial infrastructure remains unappealing or in regions where the deployment of terrestrial facilities remains impractical. Moreover, satellites can be integrated to terrestrial wireless (WiFi, UMTS, etc.) for enhancing mobile access to the Internet by both pedestrians and vehicles while it is often the only option for aeronautical and maritime users. Most of broadband satellite systems are deployed at traditional geostationary orbit (GEO). In this scenario, IP-based transfers must face some peculiar challenges. In particular, performance of Internet applications, being based on the “Transmission Control Protocol” (TCP) at the transport layer, is strongly affected by several factors introduced by satellite systems (i.e., large latency, losses not due to congestion , high link asymmetry, etc.). Such factors make standard TCP inefficient over satellite links, resulting in poor performance. The analysis and the design of an optimized transport layer for system including a satellite segment has been the object of the author's Ph.D. program in the frame of the 19th cycle of the Ph.D. course of “Space System and Technologies” at the University of Rome “Tor Vergata”. This thesis has a twofold aim: present all the achievements coming from the author's research activity and, based on the collected experience, propose the design of a emulation platform optimized to test TCP/IP protocols over a likely satellite environment. The work is organized in six chapters. Chapter 1 deals with basic notions concerning satellite systems. In particular, network architectures, services, standard and security aspects are briefly discussed. Chapter 2 summarizes main mechanisms regulating the standard TCP protocol. It aims at highlighting the main TCP protocol characteristics, essential to understand the subsequent chapters which focus on issues of TCP in satellite-based environments. Chapter 3 offers a comprehensive analysis of TCP performance over satellite links. Along with the identification of both the main limitation and the proposed solutions to improve TCP performance, a vast gamut of analytical, simulation and experimentation results, coming from the author's research activity, are presented. Chapter 4 collects all the outcomes of the author's activity, focusing on the enhancement of the transport layer for Satellite-based Internet applications. Chapter 5 describes the main characteristics of an emulation platform, named “Satellite Network Emulation Platform” (SNEP), designed by author to reproduce the variable characteristics of a satellite network (DVB-RCS like) through an active emulation approach. Finally, conclusions are drawn in Chapter 6.File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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