Le azioni compiute sotto costrizione, le azioni miste e la nozione di volontarietà (Eth. Nic. III, 1)

The interpretation of EN III, 1, and particularly of the notion of “voluntariness” and “involuntariness” is often distorted by the inappropriate overlap of questions deriving from modern moral philosophy. Firstly, this paper presents the scholarly debate on the topics frequently connected with the Aristotelian concepts of eJkousion/ajkousion (determinism/indeterminism, mixed acts and dirty hands theory, mixed acts vs. instrumental acts, role of circumstances, etc.). The next step is the analysis of the relevant passages of EN through a close examination of the relationship between the notions of “choice” and “voluntariness”: what is crucial for the voluntariness of an action is the individuation of the efficient cause. On this basis it is possible to clarify the role and the significance of mixed acts and of other kinds of actions described by Aristotle. Finally, the topics previously displayed are re-examined in order to shed some light on the distortions arising from the adoption of inadequate lens in interpreting ancient texts.