Microsatellite analysis of Latial Olea europaea L. cultivars

Olea europaea L. is one of the oldest domesticated tree species. O. europaea varieties cannot be confused because they are very different in morphology, genetics, and secondary metabolite content. It is important to study and establish the genetic structure of vegetal cultivars to better distinguish them, to solve past misclassification, to preserve plant biodiversity, and to increase their use, diffusion, selection, resistance to adversities, marketing, and scientific applications. Five simple sequence repeat loci (DCA-3, DCA-9, UDO99-9, UDO99-35, and EMO-3) were used to differentiate 39 individuals, representing 13 olive cultivars sampled in Latium (Central Italy). The markers showed a high discrimination power and were able to differentiate 39 alleles. Observed heterozygosity ranged from 0.538 at locus UDO99-9 to 1 at locus UDO99-35, with a mean value of 0.784. DCA loci were the most informative ones. Sample clustering, based on their genetic distance and similarity values, produced a phylogenetic network that has shown a unique major group of cultivars, composed of two sub-branches, and two independent taxa.