Rationale and Objectives: Clinical presentations in acute coronary syndrome (ACS) are sometimes atypical consisting in normal initial cardiac enzymes and nondiagnostic electrocardiogram. Previous studies have found that between 2% and 8% of patients with ACS who present to the emergency department are inappropriately discharged home. Unstable angina and non-ST elevation myocardial infarction (NSTEMI) patients have usually multivessel disease or proximal coronary vessel disease and a non invasive coronary evaluation could be useful for risk stratification and for an optimal therapeutic strategy timing. The aim of our study was to evaluate multislice computed tomography (MSCT) role in risk stratification of ACS without ST elevation, comparing this technique with a clinical, biochemical and echocardiographic analysis. Materials and Methods: Forty-seven consecutive patients (34 male, 13 female; mean age: 63.3 ± 11,6 years) admitted because of ACS [NSTEMI (94%), UA (6%)] were enrolled. All patients underwent a clinical, biochemical, electrocardiographic, echocardiographic evaluation. Sixty-four MSCT coronary angiography was performed in all patients within 12 hours of acute event. In a patient-based analysis all subjects were divided in 5 groups: 1-vessel, 2-vessels, 3-vessels, left main and non significant disease. Selective coronary angiography was performed within 12 hours after MSCT. Results: Sensitivity, specificity, negative predictive value, positive predictive value and accuracy of MSCT for detecting coronary artery disease (CAD) were 97%, 83%, 83%, 97% and 95%, respectively. Only one patient with CAD and a vasospastic component was non identified by MSCT. MSCT correlation with coronary angiography in the identification of 1-vessel, 2-vessels, 3-vessels, left main and non significant disease patients was respectively 83%, 81%, 82%, 78%, 80%. Clinical, biochemical, electrocardiographic, echocardiographic parameters were not able to correlate with CAD severity and extension. Culprit lesion composition was lipidic in 58% of cases, calcified in 11%, mixed in 30%. MSCT identified ACS culprit lesion in 86% of patients (mean plaque density 76 ± 41 HU, minimum plaque density 50,9 ± 29 HU) and culprit vessel in 92% of cases. Conclusions: In the majority of cases, MSCT definitively and non invasively establishes or excludes CAD as the cause of chest pain. Our results show that 64-slice CT is an accurate non invasive technique to detect CAD in NSTEMI/UA patients, useful for risk stratification, assessing CAD extension and culprit lesion composition. Clinical, biochemical, electrocardiographic, echocardiographic parameters resulted not useful in risk stratification in this group of patients.
Scopo: Il quadro clinico dei pazienti con sindrome coronaria acuta (SCA) può essere atipico, con enzimi miocardiospecifici normali ed elettrocardiogrammi non diagnostici. Una percentuale dei pazienti (2-8%) con SCA giunti in pronto soccorso, viene erroneamente dimessa. Spesso i pazienti con angina instabile (UA) o infarto miocardico senza sopraslivellamento del tratto ST (NSTEMI) possono presentare malattia coronarica multivasale o lesioni critiche dei rami principali prossimali; è importante quindi una stratificazione del rischio per la scelta del timing terapeutico ottimale. Scopo del nostro studio è stato quello di valutare il ruolo della TCMS nella stratificazione del rischio di questi pazienti, confrontando tale tecnica con un’analisi clinica, biochimica e di funzionalità miocardica. Materiali e Metodi: Sono stati arruolati nello studio 47 pazienti consecutivi (34 maschi, 13 femmine; età media 63.3 ± 11,6 anni) con NSTEMI (94%) o UA (6%). E’ stata effettuata una valutazione clinico-anamnestica, biochimica, elettrocardiografica ed ecocardiografica. Entro 12 ore dall’ingresso tutti i pazienti sono stati sottoposti ad esame TCMS 64-strati e suddivisi in monovasali, bivasali, trivasali, con patologia e del tronco comune e con stenosi < 50%. Successivamente tutti i pazienti sono stati sottoposti ad esame coronarografico. Risultati: La TCMS ha mostrato una sensibilità nell’identificare malattia coronarica del 97%, una specificità dell’83%, un valore predittivo negativo dell’83%, un valore predittivo positivo del 97% ed un’accuratezza diagnostica del 95%. Un solo paziente con malattia coronarica, con un’importante componente vasospastica, non è stato identificato alla TCMS. La concordanza della TCMS con l’esame coronarografico nell’identificazione di pazienti monovasali, bivasali, trivasali, con malattia del tronco comune e con stenosi < 50% è stata rispettivamente dell’83%, 81%, 82%, 78%, 80%. Nessuno dei parametri clinici, biochimici, elettrocardiografici ed ecocardiografici ha invece mostrato una correlazione con l’estensione della malattia coronarica. Il 58% delle lesioni culprit aveva una componente lipidica, l’11% calcifica, il 30% mista. La TCMS ha identificato la lesione culprit della SCA nell’86% dei casi (densità media della placca: 76 ± 41 HU, densità minima: 50,9 ± 29 HU) e il vaso responsabile nel 92%. Conclusioni: La TCMS è risultata affidabile nella stratificazione del rischio di pazienti con NSTEMI e UA, avendo correlato con l’estensione della malattia, avendo identificato i pazienti con malattia coronarica nel 97% dei casi e avendo identificato e caratterizzato la lesione responsabile. I dati clinici, elettrocardiografici, enzimatici ed ecocardiografici invece non si sono dimostrati utili strumenti nella stratificazione del rischio in tale gruppo di pazienti.
Razzini, C. (2009). Valutazione non invasiva mediante TC multislice delle sindromi coronariche acute senza sopraslivellamento del tratto ST.
Valutazione non invasiva mediante TC multislice delle sindromi coronariche acute senza sopraslivellamento del tratto ST
RAZZINI, CINZIA
2009-01-08
Abstract
Rationale and Objectives: Clinical presentations in acute coronary syndrome (ACS) are sometimes atypical consisting in normal initial cardiac enzymes and nondiagnostic electrocardiogram. Previous studies have found that between 2% and 8% of patients with ACS who present to the emergency department are inappropriately discharged home. Unstable angina and non-ST elevation myocardial infarction (NSTEMI) patients have usually multivessel disease or proximal coronary vessel disease and a non invasive coronary evaluation could be useful for risk stratification and for an optimal therapeutic strategy timing. The aim of our study was to evaluate multislice computed tomography (MSCT) role in risk stratification of ACS without ST elevation, comparing this technique with a clinical, biochemical and echocardiographic analysis. Materials and Methods: Forty-seven consecutive patients (34 male, 13 female; mean age: 63.3 ± 11,6 years) admitted because of ACS [NSTEMI (94%), UA (6%)] were enrolled. All patients underwent a clinical, biochemical, electrocardiographic, echocardiographic evaluation. Sixty-four MSCT coronary angiography was performed in all patients within 12 hours of acute event. In a patient-based analysis all subjects were divided in 5 groups: 1-vessel, 2-vessels, 3-vessels, left main and non significant disease. Selective coronary angiography was performed within 12 hours after MSCT. Results: Sensitivity, specificity, negative predictive value, positive predictive value and accuracy of MSCT for detecting coronary artery disease (CAD) were 97%, 83%, 83%, 97% and 95%, respectively. Only one patient with CAD and a vasospastic component was non identified by MSCT. MSCT correlation with coronary angiography in the identification of 1-vessel, 2-vessels, 3-vessels, left main and non significant disease patients was respectively 83%, 81%, 82%, 78%, 80%. Clinical, biochemical, electrocardiographic, echocardiographic parameters were not able to correlate with CAD severity and extension. Culprit lesion composition was lipidic in 58% of cases, calcified in 11%, mixed in 30%. MSCT identified ACS culprit lesion in 86% of patients (mean plaque density 76 ± 41 HU, minimum plaque density 50,9 ± 29 HU) and culprit vessel in 92% of cases. Conclusions: In the majority of cases, MSCT definitively and non invasively establishes or excludes CAD as the cause of chest pain. Our results show that 64-slice CT is an accurate non invasive technique to detect CAD in NSTEMI/UA patients, useful for risk stratification, assessing CAD extension and culprit lesion composition. Clinical, biochemical, electrocardiographic, echocardiographic parameters resulted not useful in risk stratification in this group of patients.File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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