Fritz Mauthner was a German speaking Jewish-Bohemian writer and eccentric intellectual of Berlin at the end of the nineteenth and beginning of the twentieth century. His critique of language is based on the assumption that the word, always being metaphor, continually transposes definite terms on indefinite impressions, closed within a circle of images which can only return other images. This sceptical conclusion does not only derive psychologically from the journalistic writing which discloses the superstition of the word in parody, but also finds confirmation in the comparson of different traditions of thought. This work reconstructs the continual critical analysis of Mauthner with the authors who theorised the metaphorical character of language. Within the author’s thesis the following philosophical thoughts come together: Vico’s narration of the origins, the empirical critique of abstraction, Herder’s and Hamman’s metacritique of reason, von Humboldt’s and Steinthal’s dynamic interpretation of Kantian a priori, Hermann Paul’s research on semantic change, Ernst Mach’s funtionalistic conception of the “I” and “thing” and the concept theory as system of operation and Vaihinger’s philosophy of pretence. The reading of Aristotle's theory of metaphor, through Biese and Bruchmann, and parallel to the one offered by Gerber and Nietzsche, closely examines the metaphor for analogy and the metaphor-image, while the discourse of verbal metaphor (according to the Morpurgo-Tagliabue classification) goes back to Jean Paul Richter and Theodor Vischer. The verbal metaphor becomes the central hub of Mauthner’s thesis, that the semantic change is essentially based on the Witz, on the wit, which sees the distant similarity. The critique of language then expresses itself in the humour of the philosopher, who laughs at everything that is sacred in daily life, but knows he belongs to this daily life without heroes. The expressionist style of writing reflects, in the circularity of a proceding which never grasps the object in question, the asystematic thought and the relativist result. Therefore it is not surprising that Mauthner’s fame amongst writers - Joyce and Borges, to give two names – as opposed to philosphers, with the exception of Wittgenstein, notwithstanding the citation in Tractatus, ends up giving a critique of the language exactly in Mauthner’s sense. In the appendix can be found the translation of several of Mauthner’s texts relating to these themes.
La critica del linguaggio di Fritz Mauthner (1849-1923), scrittore ebreo-boemo di lingua tedesca, intellettuale eccentrico della Berlino tra la fine dell’Ottocento e l’inizio del Novecento, si basa sull’assunto che la parola in quanto tale è metafora, continua trasposizione di termini definiti su impressioni indefinite, chiusa nel cerchio dell’immagine che può soltanto rimandare a un’altra immagine. L’approdo scettico, non semplice esito psicologico della scrittura giornalistica che svela nella parodia la superstizione della parola, trova conferma nel confronto con diverse tradizioni di pensiero. Questo lavoro ricostruisce i fili del continuo confronto critico di Mauthner con gli autori che hanno teorizzato il carattere metaforico del linguaggio. Nella tesi dell’autore confluiscono infatti il racconto delle origini di Vico, la critica empiristica dell’astrazione, la metacritica della ragione di Herder e Hamann, la dinamicizzazione dell’apriori kantiano di von Humboldt e Steinthal, le ricerche sul mutamento semantico di Hermann Paul, la concezione funzionalistica dell’io e della cosa e la teoria del concetto come sistema di operazioni di Ernst Mach e la filosofia della finzione di Vaihinger. La lettura della teoria della metafora di Aristotele, attraverso Bruchmann e Biese e parallela a quella di Gerber e Nietzsche, approfondisce la metafora per analogia e la metafora eidetica, mentre la trattazione della metafora verbale (secondo la classificazione di Morpurgo-Tagliabue) rimanda piuttosto a Jean Paul Richter e a Theodor Vischer. Quest’ultima diventa il perno della tesi di Mauthner che il mutamento semantico si basa essenzialmente sul Witz, sul motto di spirito, sull’arguzia che scorge le somiglianze lontane. La critica del linguaggio si esprime allora nell’umorismo del filosofo che ride di tutto ciò che è sacro nella vita di tutti i giorni, ma sa di appartenere a questa quotidianità senza eroi. Lo stile espressionistico della scrittura riflette nella circolarità di un procedere che non afferra mai l’oggetto in questione l’impianto asistematico e l’esito relativistico. Non stupisce allora la fortuna di Mauthner tra i letterati - Joyce e Borges, per fare due nomi - piuttosto che tra i filosofi, se si fa eccezione per Wittgenstein che, nonostante la citazione del Tractatus, finisce per fare una critica del linguaggio proprio nel senso di Mauthner . In appendice si trova la traduzione di alcuni testi di Mauthner attinenti ai temi analizzati.
Bertolini, L. (2008). La maledizione della parola: linguaggio e metafora in Fritz Mauthner [10.58015/bertolini-luis_phd2008-10-01].
La maledizione della parola: linguaggio e metafora in Fritz Mauthner
2008-10-01
Abstract
Fritz Mauthner was a German speaking Jewish-Bohemian writer and eccentric intellectual of Berlin at the end of the nineteenth and beginning of the twentieth century. His critique of language is based on the assumption that the word, always being metaphor, continually transposes definite terms on indefinite impressions, closed within a circle of images which can only return other images. This sceptical conclusion does not only derive psychologically from the journalistic writing which discloses the superstition of the word in parody, but also finds confirmation in the comparson of different traditions of thought. This work reconstructs the continual critical analysis of Mauthner with the authors who theorised the metaphorical character of language. Within the author’s thesis the following philosophical thoughts come together: Vico’s narration of the origins, the empirical critique of abstraction, Herder’s and Hamman’s metacritique of reason, von Humboldt’s and Steinthal’s dynamic interpretation of Kantian a priori, Hermann Paul’s research on semantic change, Ernst Mach’s funtionalistic conception of the “I” and “thing” and the concept theory as system of operation and Vaihinger’s philosophy of pretence. The reading of Aristotle's theory of metaphor, through Biese and Bruchmann, and parallel to the one offered by Gerber and Nietzsche, closely examines the metaphor for analogy and the metaphor-image, while the discourse of verbal metaphor (according to the Morpurgo-Tagliabue classification) goes back to Jean Paul Richter and Theodor Vischer. The verbal metaphor becomes the central hub of Mauthner’s thesis, that the semantic change is essentially based on the Witz, on the wit, which sees the distant similarity. The critique of language then expresses itself in the humour of the philosopher, who laughs at everything that is sacred in daily life, but knows he belongs to this daily life without heroes. The expressionist style of writing reflects, in the circularity of a proceding which never grasps the object in question, the asystematic thought and the relativist result. Therefore it is not surprising that Mauthner’s fame amongst writers - Joyce and Borges, to give two names – as opposed to philosphers, with the exception of Wittgenstein, notwithstanding the citation in Tractatus, ends up giving a critique of the language exactly in Mauthner’s sense. In the appendix can be found the translation of several of Mauthner’s texts relating to these themes.File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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