Progressive tumours can escape immune recognition and destruction by actively estabilishing an immune tolerance involving immunosuppressive lymphocytes. CD4+CD25+ regulatory T cells (Treg) play a major role in the maintenance of self-tolerance and in the control of autoimmune diseases. They are also involved in the regulation of T cell homeostasis and in the modulation of immune responses to alloantigens, pathogenes and cancer cells. These findings have opened new prospects in immunotherapeutic interventions for several diseases. It has been also suggested that the depletion of these cells can bring out a better response to cancer immunotherapy. Immunotherapy is a promising antitumour strategy often and succesfull associated with current antitumour treatments. Cyclophosphamide (CTX) is an alkylating agent; it can inhibit the proliferation of the tumour cells and enhance the specific antitumour immune response after adoptive immunotherapy in mouse models. Nowadays combined regimens with CTX and immunotherapy are used in clinical trials with cancer patients. The aim of this work is to dissect the biological events induced by chemotherapy. In particular, we focused on the following ones: a) effect of cyclophosphamide treatment on immune cells and on the development of Treg cells. b) Homeostatic proliferation of adoptively transferred lymphocytes and homing of these cells to secondary lymphoid organs. c) Activation and effector functions of transferred lymphocytes. These data have been transferred to a murine cancer model, EG7-OVA. This is a tumour cell line that expresses OVA as a tumour antigen. Several reports have showed that this line is characterized by an increased frequency of CD4+CD25+ regulatory T cells in tumour-bearing mice. It has been showed that a single cyclophosphamide administration bring out a B and a T cells depletion. Interestingly, the same data was for Treg cells. The cyclophosphamide treatment promoted a long term survival and drived the homing of a specific antigen T cells to spleen and lymphonodes. Of interest, these cells acquired effector functions which may subsequently lead to antigen elimination. Moreover, cyclophosphamide enhanced the number of T CD4+ cells in draining lymphonode and it reduced the number of Treg cells. Finally, these findings reveal novel mechanisms by which chemotherapy can markedly enhance the antitumour response after adoptively transferred immune lymphocytes and they open new perspectives in combining chemotherapy and immunotherapy in cancer patients.
I tumori possono attivamente riuscire ad evadere il riconoscimento e la distruzione da parte delle cellule effettrici del sistema immune attraverso l’attivo stabilirsi della tolleranza immunologica che coinvolge i linfociti ad attività soppressoria (Treg). La capacità di queste cellule di influenzare efficientemente la funzione effettrice delle cellule T ha stimolato un grande interesse per il loro potenziale di regolare le risposte immuni durante le infezioni, le malattie autoimmuni e il tumore. È stato proposto che la deplezione di queste cellule possa determinare una migliore risposta alla immunoterapia tumorale. L’immunoterapia è una promettente strategia antitumorale che viene sempre più spesso e con successo associata con gli attuali trattamenti antitumorali. Nel topo la ciclofosfamide determina un aumento della risposta immune specifica contro il tumore dopo immunoterapia adottiva, e attualmente trattamenti combinati di immunoterapia vengono usati in numerosi trials clinici. Lo scopo di questo lavoro è stato quello di studiare gli eventi biologici indotti dalla chemioterapia. In particolare, ci si è soffermati su: (a) effetto del trattamento della ciclofosfamide sia sulle cellule del sistema immune che sullo sviluppo delle cellule Treg, (b) trasferimento adottivo di cellule T naïve e homing verso gli organi linfoidi secondari, (c) attivazione e funzioni effettrici degli stessi linfociti T. I risultati sono stati successivamente traslati su un modello tumorale murino EG7-OVA, una linea tumorale che costitutivamente esprime OVA come antigene tumorale e che è caratterizzata da una aumentata frequenza di cellule Treg CD4+ CD25+. E’ stato mostrato che un singolo inoculo del farmaco chemioterapico determina riduzione di cellule T, B e ciò che è interessante di cellule Treg. Il trattamento con ciclofosfamide promuove la sopravvivenza e l’homing di linfociti T antigene specifici verso milza e linfonodi, rendendole quindi cellule competenti per svolgere le funzioni effettrici volte all’eliminazione dell’antigene. Inoltre, in presenza di massa tumorale la CTX determina aumento dei linfociti T CD4+ nel linfonodo drenante il tumore e la riduzione delle cellule Treg. In conclusione, questi risultati rivelano un nuovo meccanismo attraverso cui la chemioterapia può aumentare la risposta antitumorale dopo trasferimento adottivo di linfociti T e forniscono nuovi sviluppi per la definizione di nuove strategie di chemioterapia e immunoterapia in pazienti con tumore.
Rizzo, S. (2008). La terapia con ciclofosfamide riduce la frequenza delle cellule T regolatorie e promuove l’attivazione dei linfociti CD4+ T helper.
La terapia con ciclofosfamide riduce la frequenza delle cellule T regolatorie e promuove l’attivazione dei linfociti CD4+ T helper
RIZZO, STEFANIA
2008-07-21
Abstract
Progressive tumours can escape immune recognition and destruction by actively estabilishing an immune tolerance involving immunosuppressive lymphocytes. CD4+CD25+ regulatory T cells (Treg) play a major role in the maintenance of self-tolerance and in the control of autoimmune diseases. They are also involved in the regulation of T cell homeostasis and in the modulation of immune responses to alloantigens, pathogenes and cancer cells. These findings have opened new prospects in immunotherapeutic interventions for several diseases. It has been also suggested that the depletion of these cells can bring out a better response to cancer immunotherapy. Immunotherapy is a promising antitumour strategy often and succesfull associated with current antitumour treatments. Cyclophosphamide (CTX) is an alkylating agent; it can inhibit the proliferation of the tumour cells and enhance the specific antitumour immune response after adoptive immunotherapy in mouse models. Nowadays combined regimens with CTX and immunotherapy are used in clinical trials with cancer patients. The aim of this work is to dissect the biological events induced by chemotherapy. In particular, we focused on the following ones: a) effect of cyclophosphamide treatment on immune cells and on the development of Treg cells. b) Homeostatic proliferation of adoptively transferred lymphocytes and homing of these cells to secondary lymphoid organs. c) Activation and effector functions of transferred lymphocytes. These data have been transferred to a murine cancer model, EG7-OVA. This is a tumour cell line that expresses OVA as a tumour antigen. Several reports have showed that this line is characterized by an increased frequency of CD4+CD25+ regulatory T cells in tumour-bearing mice. It has been showed that a single cyclophosphamide administration bring out a B and a T cells depletion. Interestingly, the same data was for Treg cells. The cyclophosphamide treatment promoted a long term survival and drived the homing of a specific antigen T cells to spleen and lymphonodes. Of interest, these cells acquired effector functions which may subsequently lead to antigen elimination. Moreover, cyclophosphamide enhanced the number of T CD4+ cells in draining lymphonode and it reduced the number of Treg cells. Finally, these findings reveal novel mechanisms by which chemotherapy can markedly enhance the antitumour response after adoptively transferred immune lymphocytes and they open new perspectives in combining chemotherapy and immunotherapy in cancer patients.File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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