The effect of syringeal deafferentation on the stimulated vocalization in the domestic chick (Gallus-gallus).

The role of syringeal feedback on the electrically elicited vocalization in chickens (Gallus gallus) was studied. The vocalization patterns elicited by stimulating the low-threshold "calling areas" in the midbrain, was examined before and after syringeal deafferentation obtained by cutting the X-XII anastomosis on either the left and right side. The results show that section of the X-XII anastomosis on the left side produces consistently a clear-cut lowering of the threshold for vocalization and an increase of the amplitude of the individual calls with no change in the repetition rate of the call sequences. All these effects are enhanced when the contralateral anastomosis is also severed. These results show that the bilateral syringeal deafferentation does not change the overall song pattern performance, that remains stereotyped both in duration and complexity, consistent with the hypothesis that, in adult birds, stable song patterns are not dependent on peripheral sources of feedback, but are ruled by a learned central control program. However the modification of vocalization threshold and amplitude suggests the hypothesis that the syringeal feedback plays an inhibitory role on vocalization by modulating the excitability of the central structures involved in the vocalization activity.