We have analysed the effects of cocaine, administered to mice during the in vivo differentiation of effector T cells stimulated by antigen (influenza virus) recognition, on the frequency of IL-2-, IL-4- and interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma)-expressing CD4(+) and CD8(+) T cells. Each animal was injected intraperitoneally with 10 mg/kg of cocaine 6, 24, 48 and 72 h after immunization with A/PR8 influenza virus (PR8). This enabled the determination of the pharmacological effects of cocaine on T cells during the initial step of the immune response, which is characterized by the production of large amounts of immunoregulatory cytokines. The distribution of IL-2-, IL-4- and IFN-gamma-producing CD4(+) and CD8(+) T cells was assayed on unseparated PR8-immune spleen cells, obtained from mice treated with cocaine or vehicle, and restimulated in vitro with UV-inactivated PR8 virus. The frequency of T cells singly or co-expressing the above three cytokines was determined at single-cell level by simultaneous flow cytometric analysis of intracellular cytokines and surface antigen expression. In parallel, the levels of IL-2, IL-4 and IFN-gamma in the culture supernatants were quantified by ELISA. The results showed that cocaine, administered during the in vivo virus-induced differentiation of T cells, caused an increase of both the frequencies of CD8(+) T cells singly and co-expressing IL-2 and IFN-gamma and the levels of these cytokines in virus-restimulated spleen cell culture supernatants, compared with those of untreated controls. In contrast, no effect was found on IL-4-positive CD8(+) T cells and on IL-2-, IFN-gamma- and IL-4-positive CD4(+) T cells. Our findings suggest that the immunomodulatory effects of cocaine may be due to the up-regulation of the production of IL-2 and IFN-gamma by CD8(+) T cells with a type 0 cytokine profile.
Di Francesco, P., Falchetti, R., Gaziano, R., Lanzilli, G., Casalinuovo, I., Ravagnan, G., et al. (1999). Effects of cocaine administration to influenza virus-immunized mice on cytokine profiles of individual splenic CD4(+) and CD8(+) T cells. Clinical and experimental immunology, 118(3), 428-434.
Tipologia: | Articolo su rivista |
Citazione: | Di Francesco, P., Falchetti, R., Gaziano, R., Lanzilli, G., Casalinuovo, I., Ravagnan, G., et al. (1999). Effects of cocaine administration to influenza virus-immunized mice on cytokine profiles of individual splenic CD4(+) and CD8(+) T cells. Clinical and experimental immunology, 118(3), 428-434. |
IF: | Con Impact Factor ISI |
Lingua: | English |
Settore Scientifico Disciplinare: | Settore MED/07 - Microbiologia e Microbiologia Clinica |
Revisione (peer review): | Sì, ma tipo non specificato |
Tipo: | Articolo |
Rilevanza: | Rilevanza internazionale |
Digital Object Identifier (DOI): | http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2249.1999.01074.x |
Stato di pubblicazione: | Pubblicato |
Data di pubblicazione: | 1999 |
Titolo: | Effects of cocaine administration to influenza virus-immunized mice on cytokine profiles of individual splenic CD4(+) and CD8(+) T cells |
Autori: | |
Autori: | Di Francesco, P; Falchetti, R; Gaziano, R; Lanzilli, G; Casalinuovo, I.A; Ravagnan, G; Garaci, E |
Appare nelle tipologie: | 01 - Articolo su rivista |