Alexithymia as related to sex, age, and educational level: Results of the Toronto Alexithymia Scale in 417 normal subjects

The Toronto Alexithymia Scale (TAS) was administered to 417 normal subjects. Total TAS scores and scores of the four TAS factors were correlated with sex, age, and educational level. Age ranged from 21 to 64 years. The sample was subdivided into three groups according to age. TAS scores, both total and on single subfactors, were significantly greater in the higher age groups with respect to lower age groups. Subjects with a lower educational level scored higher on factors 1, 2, and 4 and had higher TAS total scores with respect to subjects with a higher educational level. As for sex, no significant differences in total TAS scores were obtained, but women scored higher at factor 1. Factor analysis of the TAS, performed on both the whole sample and the subgroups according to sex and age, confirmed the fair internal stability of the TAS.