A missense single-nucleotide polymorphism, C1858T in the PTPN22 gene, is associated with several human autoimmune diseases, including type 1 diabetes, rheumatoid arthritis, systemic lupus erythematosus, Graves’ disease, juvenile idiopathic arthritis, generalized vitiligo, and others. Genetic studies have shown that the PTPN22 C1858T polymorphism is primarily associated with autoimmunity in different populations. The PTPN22 gene encodes the lymphoid tyrosine phosphatase LYP, which is expressed only in white blood cells and acts as a gatekeeper for T lymphocyte activation. The molecular mechanism by which LYP tempers T lymphocyte activation through the T cell receptor (TCR) involves the formation of a complex between LYP and the negative regulatory kinase Csk. The autoimmunepredisposing PTPN22 T1858 allele encodes the phosphatase variant LYPW620, which cannot bind Csk. This study was undertaken in order to elucidate the mechanism of action of LYP-W620 in TCR signaling. We found that T cells from carriers of the predisposing allele produce less interleukin-2 upon TCR stimulation, and the encoded phosphatase has higher catalytic activity and is a more potent negative regulator of T lymphocyte activation. We conclude that the autoimmune-predisposing allele is a gain-of-function mutant.
Il polimorfismo missense C1858T del gene PTPN22 e’ associato con diverse malattie autoimmuni umane, incluso il diabete autoimmune tipo 1, l’artrite reumatoide, il lupus eritematoso sistemico, la malattia di Graves, l’artrite giovanile idiopatica, e la vitiligine generalizzata. Diversi studi hanno mostrato che la associazione del polimorfismo PTPN22 C1858T con l’autoimmunita’ e’ primaria e presente in diverse popolazioni. Il gene PTPN22 codifica per la tirosin fosfatasi linfoide LYP, che e’ espressa solo in cellule emopoietiche, ed e’ un importante regolatore negativo della attivazione dei linfociti T. Il meccanismo molecolare utilizzato da LYP per ridurre la segnazione attraverso il recettore delle cellule T (TCR) include la formazione di un complesso fra LYP e la chinasi Csk, anche essa un inibitore della attivazione del TCR. L’allele 1858T di PTPN22 codifica per la variante LYP-W620 della fosfatasi, che non puo’ legare Csk. Questo studio e’ stato condotto per elucidare il meccanismo di azione della variante LYPW620 nella trasduzione del segnale del TCR. Abbiamo trovato che cellule T di soggetti portatori della variante LYP-W620 producono meno IL-2 dopo stimolazione del TCR, e che la fosfatasi –W620 ha una incrementata attivita’ enzimatica. I nostri dati suggeriscono che la variante di LYP associata alla autoimmunita’ umana possiede incrementata funzione ed e’ un piu’ potente inibitore della attivazione dei linfociti T.
Bottini, N. (2008). Role of PTPN22 in type 1 diabetes [10.58015/bottini-nunzio_phd2008-05-14].
Role of PTPN22 in type 1 diabetes
BOTTINI, NUNZIO
2008-05-14
Abstract
A missense single-nucleotide polymorphism, C1858T in the PTPN22 gene, is associated with several human autoimmune diseases, including type 1 diabetes, rheumatoid arthritis, systemic lupus erythematosus, Graves’ disease, juvenile idiopathic arthritis, generalized vitiligo, and others. Genetic studies have shown that the PTPN22 C1858T polymorphism is primarily associated with autoimmunity in different populations. The PTPN22 gene encodes the lymphoid tyrosine phosphatase LYP, which is expressed only in white blood cells and acts as a gatekeeper for T lymphocyte activation. The molecular mechanism by which LYP tempers T lymphocyte activation through the T cell receptor (TCR) involves the formation of a complex between LYP and the negative regulatory kinase Csk. The autoimmunepredisposing PTPN22 T1858 allele encodes the phosphatase variant LYPW620, which cannot bind Csk. This study was undertaken in order to elucidate the mechanism of action of LYP-W620 in TCR signaling. We found that T cells from carriers of the predisposing allele produce less interleukin-2 upon TCR stimulation, and the encoded phosphatase has higher catalytic activity and is a more potent negative regulator of T lymphocyte activation. We conclude that the autoimmune-predisposing allele is a gain-of-function mutant.File | Dimensione | Formato | |
---|---|---|---|
TesiBottini.pdf
accesso aperto
Licenza:
Copyright degli autori
Dimensione
2.64 MB
Formato
Adobe PDF
|
2.64 MB | Adobe PDF | Visualizza/Apri |
I documenti in IRIS sono protetti da copyright e tutti i diritti sono riservati, salvo diversa indicazione.