Aflatoxins can be found as natural contaminants in a variety of food ingredients such as, cereals and cereals products, peanuts, nuts, almonds, pistachios, hazelnut and other dried fruits, coconut, cocoa, sweet potato, peanut butter, bananas, wine, spices, milk and milk products, etc. It is, therefore, important to have available, simple and quantitative methods for aflatoxin analysis. Rapid methods based on immunochemical techniques usually have the advantage of not requiring clean-up or analyte-enrichment steps, are speed, ease of operation, sensitive and specific by using the specific monoclonal or polyclonal antibodies produced against the toxin. The aim of this Ph.D. thesis was to develop methods for AFM1 and AFB1 determination which should be simple of operation, rapid and not requiring a complex clean-up procedure. The thesis has been structured in the following chapters: • Chapter I describes some general aspects regarding the toxicity, chemical structure, contamination, legislation and detoxification methods regarding aflatoxins. • Chapter II presents the state of the art in the field of analytical methods for aflatoxins determination, including commercial kits available at the moment of the writing of this thesis. • Chapter III describes the experimental applications carried out during this thesis, which are divided in two methods for AFM1 determination in milk samples (a Flow Injection Immunoassay with amperometric detection and an electrochemical multichannel microplate coupled with Intermittent Pulse Amperometry) and a second part which is focused on a spectrophotometric enzyme immunoassay for AFB1 determination in corn samples using a new conjugate Aflatoxin B1-alkaline phosphatase (AFB1-AP) prepared in our laboratory, being not commercial available. Moreover, a study of stability of AFM1 in raw milk samples stored at 4°C (lyophilized milk) and -30°C (liquid milk) for 3 months, was carried out. The study was realized with the electrochemical multichannel plate with IPA technique. • Chapter IV underlines all analytical applications for AFM1 and AFB1 determination in real samples with its performance, advantages and drawbacks.
Le aflatossine si possono trovare come contaminanti naturali in una varietà di prodotti alimentari tra cui: cereali, noccioline,arachidi, pistacchi, patate dolci, burro di arachidi, banane, vino, spezie, latte e latticini, ecc. Perciò è molto importante avere metodi semplici e abbastanza rapidi per l’analisi di queste sostanze. Le tecniche immunologiche hanno il vantaggio rispetto alle tecniche classiche (cromatografia) di non richiedere elevata purificazione e concentrazione, inoltre sono rapidi, semplici da adoperare, sensibili e specific. La loro specificità è dovuta all’uso di anticorpi monoclonali o policlonali selettivi per quellla tossina. Lo scopo di questa tesi di dottorato è stato quello di realizzare metodi per la determinazione del’aflatossina M1 e B1, che possano essere semplici da adoperare, rapidi e privi della necessità di una procedura di estrazione molto complicata/elaborata. La tesi è stata strutturata nei sequenti capitoli: Capitolo I. Descrive alcuni aspetti generali riguardanti la tossicità, struttura chimica, la contaminazione, la legislazione e metodi di detossificazione delle aflatossine. Capitolo II. Presenta lo stato del arte nel campo dei metodi analitici della determinazione di aflatossine, tra cui un sottocapitolo dedicato ai kit comerciali disponibili al momento. Capitolo III. Descrive le applicazioni sperimentali realizzate durante questa tesi, divise in due metodi per la determinazione dell’aflatossina M1 in latte (un metodo immunologico accopiato con l’analisi amperometrica in flusso e un altro metodo che utilizza delle piastre a 96-pozzetti elettrochimiche accopiate con la tecnica amperometrica ad impulsi intermitenti). La seconda parte è stata focalizzata sull’ottimizzazione di un metodo spettrofotometrico immunoenzimatico per la determinazione dell’aflatossina B1 in campioni di mais utilizzando un nuovo coniugato AflatossinaB1-fosfatasi alcalina (AFB1-AP) realizzato nel nostro laboratorio, non essendo comercialmente disponibile. In più, è stato realizzato anche uno studio della stabilità dell’aflatossina M1 in campioni freschi di latte contaminati artificialmente e conservati a 4°C (latte liofilizzato) ed a -30°C (latte liquido) per 3 mesi. Questo studio è stato realizzato applicando la tecnica amperometrica ad impulsi intermitenti accopiata con l’utilizzo delle piastre a 96-pozzetti elettrochimiche. Capitolo IV. Sottolinea tutte le applicazioni analitiche per la determinazione dell’aflatossina M1 e B1 in campioni reali con le loro charatteristiche, vantaggi e svantaggi.
Neagu, D. (2008). Development of rapid and simple methods for aflatoxins determination for food safety and control [10.58015/neagu-daniela_phd2008-05-13].
Development of rapid and simple methods for aflatoxins determination for food safety and control
NEAGU, DANIELA
2008-05-13
Abstract
Aflatoxins can be found as natural contaminants in a variety of food ingredients such as, cereals and cereals products, peanuts, nuts, almonds, pistachios, hazelnut and other dried fruits, coconut, cocoa, sweet potato, peanut butter, bananas, wine, spices, milk and milk products, etc. It is, therefore, important to have available, simple and quantitative methods for aflatoxin analysis. Rapid methods based on immunochemical techniques usually have the advantage of not requiring clean-up or analyte-enrichment steps, are speed, ease of operation, sensitive and specific by using the specific monoclonal or polyclonal antibodies produced against the toxin. The aim of this Ph.D. thesis was to develop methods for AFM1 and AFB1 determination which should be simple of operation, rapid and not requiring a complex clean-up procedure. The thesis has been structured in the following chapters: • Chapter I describes some general aspects regarding the toxicity, chemical structure, contamination, legislation and detoxification methods regarding aflatoxins. • Chapter II presents the state of the art in the field of analytical methods for aflatoxins determination, including commercial kits available at the moment of the writing of this thesis. • Chapter III describes the experimental applications carried out during this thesis, which are divided in two methods for AFM1 determination in milk samples (a Flow Injection Immunoassay with amperometric detection and an electrochemical multichannel microplate coupled with Intermittent Pulse Amperometry) and a second part which is focused on a spectrophotometric enzyme immunoassay for AFB1 determination in corn samples using a new conjugate Aflatoxin B1-alkaline phosphatase (AFB1-AP) prepared in our laboratory, being not commercial available. Moreover, a study of stability of AFM1 in raw milk samples stored at 4°C (lyophilized milk) and -30°C (liquid milk) for 3 months, was carried out. The study was realized with the electrochemical multichannel plate with IPA technique. • Chapter IV underlines all analytical applications for AFM1 and AFB1 determination in real samples with its performance, advantages and drawbacks.File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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