The thesis aims to develop a geopark-oriented enhancement model for the Gargano National Park, in view of a possible candidacy path to UNESCO Global Geopark, highlighting the extraordinary geodiversity and rich geological heritage of the promontory. The Park includes over 200 surveyed geosites and potential sites of national and international importance, which testify in an articulated way to the geological history and morphology of the area, configuring it as a credible candidate for UNESCO recognition. The starting point is an in-depth analysis of the Gargano System in its geographical, geological, socio-economic and political-institutional dimensions, aimed at identifying the main critical issues in terms of governance, protection tools, geoconservation and enhancement policies. On this basis, the work compares the Gargano with two UNESCO Global Geoparks – Volcanes de Calatrava. Ciudad Real UGGp (Spain) and Beigua UGGp (Italy) – and with some external references (Lanzarote, El Hierro and the Tenerife park system), selected as advanced cases of geoeducation, geotourism and integrated geoheritage management. The comparison is based on UNESCO criteria, used as a common language to compare morphologically and institutionally different contexts. The methodology integrates GIS and IT tools with qualitative-quantitative approaches (interviews, questionnaires, field inspections) and with the analysis of governance and financial flows. An adaptive methodology has also been developed for Stakeholder and Social Network Analysis in contexts characterized by fragile governance and fragmented document sources, based on a weighting system (Contribution, Continuity, Centrality) that allows to reconstruct the networks of actors starting from budgets, projects and planning acts. Attention is paid to geoeducation and communication, considered fundamental levers to increase the awareness of local communities and to promote a sustainable use of geoheritage. A central element of the proposal concerns the integrated enhancement of geosites through synergies with other UNESCO assets in the area (transhumance, Via Francigena del Sud/Via Micaelica, old-growth beech forests), used as narrative and infrastructural devices to connect geological landscape, cultural heritage and local identity. From the analysis of the shortcomings and the comparison with best practices, a series of strategic axes and transversal actions emerge in the field of geoconservation, geoeducation, geotourism, digitization, governance and participation, which outline a possible path of approach of the Gargano System to the standards of the UNESCO Global Geoparks. The thesis concludes with some 6 considerations on the potential impacts in terms of sustainable territorial development and with operational recommendations for the institutional actors involved. The appendices collect supporting documents, tables, graphs, questionnaires, interviews and maps, offering the documentary framework to support the analyses and proposals formulated.
La tesi si propone di sviluppare un modello di valorizzazione geopark-oriented per il Parco Nazionale del Gargano, in vista di un possibile percorso di candidatura a UNESCO Global Geopark, mettendo in risalto la straordinaria geodiversità e il ricco patrimonio geologico del promontorio. Il Parco comprende oltre 200 tra geositi censiti e siti potenziali di rilevanza nazionale e internazionale, che testimoniano in modo articolato la storia geologica e la morfologia dell’area, configurandolo come un candidato credibile al riconoscimento UNESCO. Il punto di partenza è un’analisi approfondita del Sistema Gargano nelle sue dimensioni geografica, geologica, socioeconomica e politico-istituzionale, finalizzata a individuare le principali criticità in termini di governance, strumenti di tutela, geoconservazione e politiche di valorizzazione. Su questa base, il lavoro mette a confronto il Gargano con due UNESCO Global Geoparks – Volcanes de Calatrava. Ciudad Real UGGp (Spagna) e Beigua UGGp (Italia) – e con alcuni riferimenti esterni (Lanzarote, El Hierro e il sistema dei parchi di Tenerife), selezionati come casi avanzati di geoeducazione, geoturismo e gestione integrata del geopatrimonio. Il confronto si fonda sui criteri UNESCO, utilizzati come linguaggio comune per comparare contesti morfologicamente e istituzionalmente differenti. La metodologia integra strumenti GIS e IT con approcci quali-quantitativi (interviste, questionari, sopralluoghi di campo) e con l’analisi della governance e dei flussi finanziari. È stata inoltre sviluppata una metodologia adattiva per la Stakeholder e Social Network Analysis in contesti caratterizzati da governance fragile e fonti documentali frammentarie, basata su un sistema di pesatura (Contributo, Continuità, Centralità) che consente di ricostruire le reti di attori a partire da bilanci, progetti e atti di programmazione. Particolare attenzione è dedicata alla geoeducazione e alla comunicazione, considerate leve fondamentali per accrescere la consapevolezza delle comunità locali e per promuovere una fruizione sostenibile del geopatrimonio. Un elemento centrale della proposta riguarda la valorizzazione integrata dei geositi attraverso le sinergie con altri beni UNESCO presenti nell’area (transumanza, Via Francigena del Sud/Via Micaelica, faggete vetuste), utilizzati come dispositivi narrativi e infrastrutturali per collegare paesaggio geologico, patrimonio culturale e identità locale. Dall’analisi delle carenze e dal confronto con le best practice emergono una serie di assi strategici e di azioni trasversali in materia di geoconservazione, geoeducazione, geoturismo, digitalizzazione, 4 governance e partecipazione, che delineano un possibile percorso di avvicinamento del Sistema Gargano agli standard dei UNESCO Global Geoparks. La tesi si conclude con alcune considerazioni sugli impatti potenziali in termini di sviluppo territoriale sostenibile e con raccomandazioni operative per gli attori istituzionali coinvolti. Le appendici raccolgono documenti di supporto, tabelle, grafici, questionari, interviste e cartografie, offrendo il quadro documentale a sostegno delle analisi e delle proposte formulate.
Testa, A. (2026). La proposta del Gargano come UNESCO Global Geopark: sviluppo di un modello di valorizzazione per il geopatrimonio territoriale [10.58015/testa-arianna_phd2026-03-23].
La proposta del Gargano come UNESCO Global Geopark: sviluppo di un modello di valorizzazione per il geopatrimonio territoriale
TESTA, ARIANNA
2026-03-23
Abstract
The thesis aims to develop a geopark-oriented enhancement model for the Gargano National Park, in view of a possible candidacy path to UNESCO Global Geopark, highlighting the extraordinary geodiversity and rich geological heritage of the promontory. The Park includes over 200 surveyed geosites and potential sites of national and international importance, which testify in an articulated way to the geological history and morphology of the area, configuring it as a credible candidate for UNESCO recognition. The starting point is an in-depth analysis of the Gargano System in its geographical, geological, socio-economic and political-institutional dimensions, aimed at identifying the main critical issues in terms of governance, protection tools, geoconservation and enhancement policies. On this basis, the work compares the Gargano with two UNESCO Global Geoparks – Volcanes de Calatrava. Ciudad Real UGGp (Spain) and Beigua UGGp (Italy) – and with some external references (Lanzarote, El Hierro and the Tenerife park system), selected as advanced cases of geoeducation, geotourism and integrated geoheritage management. The comparison is based on UNESCO criteria, used as a common language to compare morphologically and institutionally different contexts. The methodology integrates GIS and IT tools with qualitative-quantitative approaches (interviews, questionnaires, field inspections) and with the analysis of governance and financial flows. An adaptive methodology has also been developed for Stakeholder and Social Network Analysis in contexts characterized by fragile governance and fragmented document sources, based on a weighting system (Contribution, Continuity, Centrality) that allows to reconstruct the networks of actors starting from budgets, projects and planning acts. Attention is paid to geoeducation and communication, considered fundamental levers to increase the awareness of local communities and to promote a sustainable use of geoheritage. A central element of the proposal concerns the integrated enhancement of geosites through synergies with other UNESCO assets in the area (transhumance, Via Francigena del Sud/Via Micaelica, old-growth beech forests), used as narrative and infrastructural devices to connect geological landscape, cultural heritage and local identity. From the analysis of the shortcomings and the comparison with best practices, a series of strategic axes and transversal actions emerge in the field of geoconservation, geoeducation, geotourism, digitization, governance and participation, which outline a possible path of approach of the Gargano System to the standards of the UNESCO Global Geoparks. The thesis concludes with some 6 considerations on the potential impacts in terms of sustainable territorial development and with operational recommendations for the institutional actors involved. The appendices collect supporting documents, tables, graphs, questionnaires, interviews and maps, offering the documentary framework to support the analyses and proposals formulated.| File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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