Organic–inorganic hybrid based electrochemical platform for the monitoring of tyrosine as a biomarker in serum

Altered tyrosine (Tyr) levels in serum can lead to severe metabolic imbalances, including hepatic, renal and neurological dysfunctions. Thus, sensors for quantifying this biomarker are demanding in clinical analysis. Therefore, in this work, an electrochemical sensor with high performance based on copper oxide functionalized with zinc-5-(4-carboxyphenyl)-10,15,20-triphenylporphyrin (CuO-ZnCTPP) and able of detecting tyrosine over a wide concentration range in both simulated and physiological environments, was developed. Comprehensive physical, chemical and electrochemical characterizations of the as-synthesized materials were performed. The electroanalytical performance of the sensor was evaluated using linear sweep voltammetry (LSV) in a large range of tyrosine concentrations from 0 to 1200 µM. The CuO-ZnCTPP screen printed carbon electrode (SPCE) based sensor exhibited a low limit of detection (LOD) of 0.94 µM and demonstrated excellent reproducibility, repeatability, selectivity, sensitivity and long-term stability. To demonstrate the significant clinical and diagnostic relevance, the CuO-ZnCTPP/SPCE sensor was tested as an innovative platform for the electrochemical detection of tyrosine in bovine serum, highlighting its rapid and reliable monitoring also with physiological samples.