Evidence-based pharmacological interventions for insomnia: a systematic review on the effects of eszopiclone on insomnia comorbid with mental disturbances

ObjectivesInsomnia is a common sleep disorder frequently co-occuring with psychiatric disturbances. Current research regarding the efficacy of sedative-hypnotic medications within psychiatric contexts underscores the need for further investigation in this domain. This review summarises pertinent findings that focus on eszopiclone, the latest Z-drug, in the treatment of insomnia linked to mental disorders.MethodsInitially, literature on mechanism and effects of eszopiclone on GABAergic transmission, sleep regulation and neurogenesis were analysed. Subsequently, we conducted a systematic review regarding its application in insomnia comorbid with psychiatric disorders, in accordance with PRISMA guidelines.ResultsData showed that eszopiclone has a distinctive chemical composition and, although it demonstrates certain pharmacological effects akin to benzodiazepines and other z-drugs, its distinctive structure differentiates it from other sedative-hypnotics. According to the systematic search, 12 articles were identified investigating the use of eszopiclone in psychiatric disorders, including major depression, anxiety and related disorders, as well as schizophrenia.ConclusionsOverall data indicated that the use of eszopiclone as an adjunctive treatment for insomnia may alleviates insomnia symptoms and also positively influences depressive, anxiety, and cognitive aspects related to psychiatric disorders.