Psychometric properties of the Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale (CD-RISC) using COSMIN methodology: a systematic review protocol

Objective: This review aims to evaluate the psychometric properties of the 3 versions of the Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale (CD-RISC-25, CD-RISC-10, and CD-RISC-2) and to identify the most appropriate version for specific contexts, following the COSMIN methodology. Introduction: Resilience, the capacity to adapt positively to stress and adversity, is a key protective factor in health and psychological outcomes. The Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale (CD-RISC) is widely used and internationally recognized; however, evidence regarding its psychometric robustness is inconsistent. Discrepancies in factor structure, reliability, and validity across populations highlight the need for a systematic and methodologically rigorous evaluation of the instrument. Eligibility criteria: This review will include studies assessing the psychometric properties of CD-RISC-25, CD-RISC-10, or CD-RISC-2 in adult populations (≥18 years), across any setting or geographic context. Translated and culturally adapted versions will be considered if the adaptation follows structured procedures. Studies that use the CD-RISC solely as an outcome measure, employ unvalidated versions, or use it exclusively as a comparator will be excluded. Methods: A comprehensive search will be conducted in PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, CINAHL, Embase, and PsycINFO, covering studies from 2003 to the present with no language restrictions. Records will be managed systematically, with independent and blind screening, data extraction, and appraisal by multiple reviewers. Data will be synthesized qualitatively, with evidence on psychometric properties summarized and evaluated, and the overall certainty of evidence graded. Review registration: PROSPERO CRD42025626465.