Waste Collection and Viral Hepatitis: Assessing the Occupational Risk of HBV and HCV

Hepatitis B and C (HBV and HCV) infections persist as significant public health concerns. Specific occupational groups, such as waste collectors, continue to face elevated risk due to exposure to contaminated materials. Research studies have underscored heightened infection rates, notably from needle prick injuries. The present study aspires to re-evaluate the prevalence of HBV and HCV among waste collectors and to scrutinize associated risk factors, thereby contributing to the development of effective public health and occupational safety strategies. The study analyzed data from 116 Italian waste collectors who were undergoing regular occupational visits, examining demographics, health conditions, HBV immunization, and annual blood tests for the HBsAg, HBsAb, and HCVAb. The HBsAb was detected in 66 individuals (56.9%), while the HCVAb was found in 4 (3.4%). Logistic regression showed HBV immunization and longer job experience to be significant factors associated with HBsAb presence. Waste collection may increase HBV infection risk due to occupational exposure, unlike HCV, which requires blood-to-blood contact. Preventive strategies, including education, protective equipment, and HBV vaccination, are essential. Ensuring vaccination coverage among waste collectors could reduce infection risk. Further research should assess the occupational risks and the effectiveness of preventive measures.