How lean manufacturing grounds the basis for a technological transformation toward Industry 4.0 and Industry 5.0

This work proposes a complete set of tools and models to lead the technological transformation effectively, identifying pivotal points and areas where to invest, highlighting the required infrastructure for each technology and the necessary/potential integration within technologies. First, systematically reviewing the literature will propose an exhaustive assessment of available Industry 4.0 and 5.0 technologies, their benefits, applications and potential/required integrations will be proposed by systematically reviewing the literature. Then two models, integrated into a framework, will be developed and proposed: an iterative implementing model, that iteration-by-iteration will introduce one technology at a time; a maturity model that before and after each iteration will assess the company achieved Industry 4.0 and 5.0 maturity level. Then, to prove proposal’s efficiency and effectiveness, it will be practical applied in two multinational companies: YOKOHAMA TWS and FRONERI, configuring two case studies, and analysing the achieved results. In conclusion, an analysis of the effectiveness of the model and suggestions for its further development will be shown.