Design for enhanced gamma radiation detection prototype: a comprehensive approach

Detecting ionizing radiation, whether from natural source or due to accidental or intentional nuclear explosions, is a critical and complex challenge for modern technology. Geiger-Muller tube is one of the most used technologies for the detection of gamma radiation. Although it was developed in the early of twentieth century, its simplicity, robustness, affordability, and reliability have ensured its continued widespread use. Moreover, simple electronics make it easy to integrate with modern hardware and software technologies. In this work, we will explore the theoretical principles behind radiation detection and, starting from the analysis and development of several open-source prototypes, we will lead to the design and implementation of both hardware and software. Additionally, we will expose the testing of a radiological detector prototype optimized for gamma radiation detection. Feasible applications of the device will be examined, along with potential innovations such as minimization and integration into multi sensor platforms or wearable systems. In the paper, a comparison of several devices has been studied along with the development of a new detector based on Geiger-Muller tubes, by using low-cost, commercially available technologies. A comparison between four open-source devices and the created prototype are presented and discussed.