Presence of gastric ulcers in horses used for historical races in Italy

Simple Summary Gastric ulcers are quite common in horses with the highest prevalence found in racehorses. Historical horseraces are traditional horseriding competitions popular in Italy that can be divided into two different types: speed races and jousting tournaments. Anglo-Arabian and Thoroughbreds are used, with several restrictions present in the regulation of the specific competition, pertaining to the breed of the horse, training, and preparation for the competitions (i.e., clinical examinations, qualifiers). Management of the horses is quite similar to that of racehorses running on a track. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of gastric ulcers found in the glandular or squamous mucosa of 73 animals performing in historical horseraces and determine differences in disease presence and severity between type of competitions, training facilities and breeds of horses. The prevalence of lesions in both mucosae is quite similar to those found in horses performing flat races on a racetrack. Anglo-Arabians used for speed races are more affected than Thoroughbreds, probably because they are involved in a higher number of races and longer traveling times, which are all risk factors for lesions of the squamous and glandular mucosa. These findings highlight the need to implement therapeutic and prophylactic protocols against gastric ulcers also in horses involved in historical horseracing: feedings with a reduced amount of starch, hay nets to increase the amount of time spent eating, paddock turnout for most of the day and the use of supplements to support gastric health are effective measures to prevent the development of gastric ulcers. The use of omeprazole at therapeutic (4 mg/kg per os once daily) or prophylactic (1 mg/kg per os once daily) dosages can also be effective in periods of high stress, especially when horses travel for longer distance or are exercised or raced more. Further studies are needed in this population of animals to determine the differences and similarities with horses involved in racing on a track.Abstract Equine Gastric Ulcers Syndrome (EGUS) is a worldwide disease present in equids of different breeds, activity levels, and age groups. It is divided into two different illnesses: Equine Squamous Gastric Disease (ESGD) affecting the squamous mucosa and Equine Glandular Gastric Disease (EGGD) affecting the glandular mucosa. The historical horserace is a traditional competition that is common in Italy. They can be divided into two different types: speed races and jousting tournaments. Anglo-Arabians and Thoroughbreds are used for the two competitions with training and management systems similar to those used in races performed on a racetrack. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of ESGD and EGGD in horses used for historical horseracing and evaluate the differences in the presence of the diseases in animals of the two different breeds used for the two types of competition. A cohort of 73 horses was enrolled in this study, which were stabled in 10 training facilities and performed two jousting tournaments and one speed race. An ESGD at least of grade 2 was found in 88% of horses with all degrees of severity seen; EGGD was diagnosed in 45% of animals. In this cohort of horses, the presence and severity of ESGD and EGGD are similar to that in reports in racehorses performing on racetracks.Anglo-Arabians used for speed races are more affected by ESGD and EGGD, which is probably because they are involved in a higher number of races and travel more during the year compared to Thoroughbreds used for jousting competitions.