Leaflet: Operative Steps for Interventional Studies in Neuroscience

background/objectives: drug development involves multiple stages, spanning from initial discovery to clinical trials. this intricate process entails understanding disease mechanisms, identifying potential drug targets, and evaluating the efficacy and safety of candidate drugs. clinical trials are designed to assess the effects of drugs on humans, focusing on determining safety profiles, appropriate modes of administration, and comparative efficacy against placebos. notably, neuroscience drug development encounters distinct challenges, including the complex nature of diseases, limitations imposed by the blood–brain barrier, the absence of reliable predictive preclinical models, and regulatory hurdles. ethical and safety considerations are pivotal due to the potential cognitive and motor effects of CNS-active drugs. methods: our manuscript outlines the procedures for CNS clinical trials and highlights the key elements of study design, methodological considerations, and ethical frameworks. to achieve our objectives, we considered the official websites of regulatory authorities, the EQUATOR network, and recent publications in the field. the paper includes key elements such as criteria for subject selection, methods of evaluation, variable analysis, and statistical methodology approaches. results: we want to furnish a concise and comprehensive guide tailored to individuals new to CNS clinical trials, providing foundational elements necessary for the design and execution of such trials. the manuscript seeks to outline sources of relevant materials and elucidate adaptability, particularly in instances where sponsors may be absent. conclusions: by meeting the needs of less-experienced researchers or those with limited resources, the intention is to facilitate an understanding of the intricate nature of the process and offer guidance on appropriately navigating its complexities. It is essential to note that this manuscript does not aim to be exhaustive but endeavors to serve as a structured checklist. through its approach, the manuscript aspires to offer guidance and support to individuals navigating the challenges inherent in this intricate domain.