Special issue on "Novel neuropsychological instruments for the prodromal and preclinical diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease"

dementia is one of the most challenging health and social emergencies today. It affects more than 55 million people worldwide with epidemiological projections of reaching 140 million people in 2050. Diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease (AD), the clinical-pathological entity responsible for 60%-70% of all dementia cases, rests currently on the demonstration of cerebrospinal fluid or neuroimaging biomarkers, as a proxy of AD cortical neuropathology. In this context, the role of neuropsychological assessment, as a rapid and noninvasive tool able to accurately detect the early cognitive alterations and eventually promote the search for specific biological markers of AD, has become a matter of intense investigation and theoretical debate. This special issue includes original studies as well as literature reviews of the most current and promising approaches aimed at addressing the critical question of distinguishing cognitive decline due to preclinical or prodromal AD from decline associated with physiological aging.