An Analysis of Terrorist Attacks on Soft and Hard Targets in the Period 2000-2019

With the aim of characterising the evolution of the phenomenon of terrorist attacks in the 20 years since 9/11, this paper conducts a broad analysis of terrorist events from 2000 to 2019, based on information made available by the Global Terrorism Database (GTD). The first part of the document illustrates the evolution of terrorist attacks worldwide, while the second part focuses on the type of targets favoured by terrorists. As a key result of the analysis, it will be shown that in recent years many attacks have been directed against simple public and private buildings, targeting and killing individuals, typically civilians. These types of targets have been referred to in the literature as soft targets, as opposed to the term hard targets or hardened structures, government, military, police and intelligence buildings and sites. In the work, specific definitions of soft target and hard target related to GTD information fields are proposed and evaluated over the period 2000-2019. Furthermore, detailed items of the terrorist targets, such as houses, schools, universities, restaurants, theatres etc., were considered and analysed. The evidence obtained provides an up-to-date view of terrorists' recent approaches to selecting targets and conducting attacks. The understanding of the evolution of these approaches can allow for better organisation of future prevention and protection of potential soft and hard targets.