City logistics and environmental sustainability: implemented measures and effects

In Europe, around 25% of CO2 emissions result from the transport sector and mainly come from urban transport. The literature shows that together with CO2 on an urban scale, NOx, SOx and PMx have a greater impact. The impact in urban areas grows up with the amount of freight vehicles that daily use urban networks. Therefore, the importance of knowing the impacts of urban freight transport emerges in order to identify the measures that allow environmental sustainability to be increased. The methodology of analysis is developed considering four classes of measures: material infrastructures; non-material infrastructures; equipment; governance. An average implementation cost is therefore associated with each of such classes. Then, the various types of intervention are compared, highlighting those that have a greater positive environmental impact with a lower cost.