Latest Insights and Therapeutic Advances in Myelodysplastic Neoplasms

simple summary several recent studies have demonstrated encouraging results in treating patients with myelodysplastic syndromes/neoplasms (MDSs). this review focuses on the latest conceptual and therapeutic advances in the management of adults with MDS, addressing diagnostic principles, classification updates, and prognostic stratification systems, as well as improvements in clinical approaches that provide significant benefits through novel treatments, which may, in turn, represent a valuable basis for developing future clinical trials. abstract myelodysplastic syndromes/neoplasms (MDSs) encompass a range of hematopoietic malignancies, commonly affecting elderly individuals. molecular alterations in the hematopoietic stem cell compartment drive disease pathogenesis. recent advancements in genomic profiling have provided valuable insights into the biological underpinnings of MDSs and have expanded therapeutic options, particularly for specific molecularly defined subgroups. this review highlights the diagnostic principles, classification updates, prognostic stratification systems, and novel treatments, which could inform future clinical trials and enhance the management of adult MDS patients, particularly for specific molecularly defined subgroups.