ChatGPT: Challenges and Legal Issues in Advanced Conversational AI

This paper analyzes ChatGPT, the first mass-deployed chatbot using Generative Pre-trained Transformer (GPT) technology. While there is unprecedented potential for application of this technology, many concerns with multidimensional value have arisen, all of which are inherent in pre-trained AI, generative AI, and communicative AI profiles. Investigation by the Italian Data Protection Authority and political debates have revealed the inadequacy of existing regulations, and call for more flexible regulation focusing on transparency, risk assessment and explainability. This article underscores the ontological vulnerability of individuals in their interaction with AI, drawing attention to a new legal category—digital vulnerability. As communicative AI transforms society, this paper, starting from the data protection regulations, emphasizes the need for an adaptive and comprehensive regulatory framework to safeguard against emerging challenges.