Synthesis and characterization of MWCNT-COOH/Fe3O4 and CNT-COOH/Fe3O4/NiO nanocomposites: assessment of adsorption and photocatalytic performance

In this study the adsorption and photodegradation capabilities of modified multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs), using tartrazine as a model pollutant, is demonstrated. MWCNT-COOH/Fe3O4 and MWCNT-COOH/Fe3O4/NiO nanocomposites were prepared by precipitation of metal oxides in the presence of MWCNTs. Their properties were examined by X-ray diffraction in powder (XRD), Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Raman spectroscopy, synchrotron-based Scanning PhotoElectron Microscopy (SPEM), and Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) analysis. It was found that the optimal adsorption conditions were pH 4 for MWCNT-COOH/Fe3O4 and pH 3 for MWCNT-COOH/Fe3O4/NiO, temperature 25 degrees C, adsorbent dose 1 g L-1, initial concentration of tartrazine 5 mg L-1 for MWCNT-COOH/Fe3O4 and 10 mg L-1 for MWCNT-COOH/Fe3O4/NiO and contact time 5 min for MWCNT-COOH/Fe3O4/NiO and 15 min for MWCNT-COOH/Fe3O4. Moreover, the predominant degradation process was elucidated simultaneously, with and without simulated sunlight irradiation, using thermal lens spectrometry (TLS) and UV-Vis absorption spectrophotometry. The results indicated the prevalence of the photodegradation mechanism over adsorption from the beginning of the degradation process.