Rituximab (RTX), a chimeric monoclonal antibody targeting CD20-positive cells, is a valuable treatment option for malignant and benign immune-related disorders. The rationale of targeting the CD20 antigen relies on depletion of both healthy and autoreactive/malignant CD20-espressing cells, but normal B-cell reconstitution is expected within months after treatment. Nevertheless, a number of recent studies have documented prolonged B-cell deficiency associated with new-onset hypogammaglobulinemia in patients receiving RTX. Awareness of post-RTX hypogammaglobulinemia has become wider among clinicians, with a growing number of reports about the increased incidence, especially in children. Although these patients were previously regarded as affected by secondary/iatrogenic immunodeficiency, atypical clinical and immunological manifestations (e.g., severe or opportunistic infections; prolonged B-cell aplasia) raise concerns of delayed manifestations of genetic immunological disorders that have been unveiled by B-cell perturbation. As more patients with undiagnosed primary immune deficiency receiving RTX have been identified, it remains the challenge in discerning those that might display a higher risk of persistent RTX-associated hypogammaglobulinemia and need a tailored immunology follow-up. In this review, we summarize the principal evidence regarding post-RTX hypogammaglobulinemia and provide a guideline for identifying patients at higher risk of RTX-associated hypogammaglobulinemia that could harbor an inborn error of immunity.

Ottaviano, G., Sgrulletti, M., Moschese, V. (2022). Secondary rituximab-associated versus primary immunodeficiencies: The enigmatic border. EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY, 52(10), 1572-1580 [10.1002/eji.202149667].

Secondary rituximab-associated versus primary immunodeficiencies: The enigmatic border

Moschese, Viviana
2022-10-01

Abstract

Rituximab (RTX), a chimeric monoclonal antibody targeting CD20-positive cells, is a valuable treatment option for malignant and benign immune-related disorders. The rationale of targeting the CD20 antigen relies on depletion of both healthy and autoreactive/malignant CD20-espressing cells, but normal B-cell reconstitution is expected within months after treatment. Nevertheless, a number of recent studies have documented prolonged B-cell deficiency associated with new-onset hypogammaglobulinemia in patients receiving RTX. Awareness of post-RTX hypogammaglobulinemia has become wider among clinicians, with a growing number of reports about the increased incidence, especially in children. Although these patients were previously regarded as affected by secondary/iatrogenic immunodeficiency, atypical clinical and immunological manifestations (e.g., severe or opportunistic infections; prolonged B-cell aplasia) raise concerns of delayed manifestations of genetic immunological disorders that have been unveiled by B-cell perturbation. As more patients with undiagnosed primary immune deficiency receiving RTX have been identified, it remains the challenge in discerning those that might display a higher risk of persistent RTX-associated hypogammaglobulinemia and need a tailored immunology follow-up. In this review, we summarize the principal evidence regarding post-RTX hypogammaglobulinemia and provide a guideline for identifying patients at higher risk of RTX-associated hypogammaglobulinemia that could harbor an inborn error of immunity.
ott-2022
Pubblicato
Rilevanza internazionale
Articolo
Esperti anonimi
Settore MED/38 - PEDIATRIA GENERALE E SPECIALISTICA
English
B-cell depletion
Hypogammaglobulinemia
Inborn errors of immunity
Rituximab
Secondary immunodeficiency
Ottaviano, G., Sgrulletti, M., Moschese, V. (2022). Secondary rituximab-associated versus primary immunodeficiencies: The enigmatic border. EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY, 52(10), 1572-1580 [10.1002/eji.202149667].
Ottaviano, G; Sgrulletti, M; Moschese, V
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Utilizza questo identificativo per citare o creare un link a questo documento: https://hdl.handle.net/2108/311589
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