Acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL) accounts for 10-15% of newly diagnosed acute myeloid leukemias (AML) and is typically caused by the fusion of promyelocytic leukemia with retinoic acid receptor alpha (RARA) gene. The prognosis is excellent, thanks to the all-trans retinoic acid (ATRA) and arsenic trioxide (ATO) combination therapy. A small percentage of APLs (around 2%) is caused by atypical transcripts, most of which involve RARA or other members of retinoic acid receptors (RARB or RARG). The diagnosis of these forms is difficult, and clinical management is still a challenge for the physician due to variable response rates to ATRA and ATO. Herein we review variant APL cases reported in literature, including genetic landscape, incidence of coagulopathy and differentiation syndrome, frequent causes of morbidity and mortality in these patients, sensitivity to ATRA, ATO, and chemotherapy, and outcome. We also focus on non-RAR rearrangements, complex rearrangements (involving more than two chromosomes), and NPM1-mutated AML, an entity that can, in some cases, morphologically mimic APL.

Guarnera, L., Ottone, T., Fabiani, E., Divona, M., Savi, A., Travaglini, S., et al. (2022). Atypical Rearrangements in APL-Like Acute Myeloid Leukemias: Molecular Characterization and Prognosis. FRONTIERS IN ONCOLOGY, 12, 871590 [10.3389/fonc.2022.871590].

Atypical Rearrangements in APL-Like Acute Myeloid Leukemias: Molecular Characterization and Prognosis

Ottone, Tiziana;Panetta, Paola;Voso, Maria Teresa
2022-01-01

Abstract

Acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL) accounts for 10-15% of newly diagnosed acute myeloid leukemias (AML) and is typically caused by the fusion of promyelocytic leukemia with retinoic acid receptor alpha (RARA) gene. The prognosis is excellent, thanks to the all-trans retinoic acid (ATRA) and arsenic trioxide (ATO) combination therapy. A small percentage of APLs (around 2%) is caused by atypical transcripts, most of which involve RARA or other members of retinoic acid receptors (RARB or RARG). The diagnosis of these forms is difficult, and clinical management is still a challenge for the physician due to variable response rates to ATRA and ATO. Herein we review variant APL cases reported in literature, including genetic landscape, incidence of coagulopathy and differentiation syndrome, frequent causes of morbidity and mortality in these patients, sensitivity to ATRA, ATO, and chemotherapy, and outcome. We also focus on non-RAR rearrangements, complex rearrangements (involving more than two chromosomes), and NPM1-mutated AML, an entity that can, in some cases, morphologically mimic APL.
2022
Pubblicato
Rilevanza internazionale
Review
Esperti anonimi
Settore MED/15 - MALATTIE DEL SANGUE
Settore MEDS-09/B - Malattie del sangue
English
APL-like acute myeloid leukemia
atypical rearrangements
complex rearrangements
genetic landscape
variant acute promyelocytic leukemia
Guarnera, L., Ottone, T., Fabiani, E., Divona, M., Savi, A., Travaglini, S., et al. (2022). Atypical Rearrangements in APL-Like Acute Myeloid Leukemias: Molecular Characterization and Prognosis. FRONTIERS IN ONCOLOGY, 12, 871590 [10.3389/fonc.2022.871590].
Guarnera, L; Ottone, T; Fabiani, E; Divona, M; Savi, A; Travaglini, S; Falconi, G; Panetta, P; Rapanotti, Mc; Voso, Mt
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Utilizza questo identificativo per citare o creare un link a questo documento: https://hdl.handle.net/2108/301961
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