Zooarcheological evidence suggests that pigs were domesticated in Southwest Asia similar to 8,500 BC. They then spread across the Middle and Near East and westward into Europe alongside early agriculturalists. European pigs were either domesticated independently or more likely appeared so as a result of admixture between introduced pigs and European wild boar. As a result, European wild boar mtDNA lineages replaced Near Eastern/Anatolian mtDNA signatures in Europe and subsequently replaced indigenous domestic pig lineages in Anatolia. The specific details of these processes, however, remain unknown. To address questions related to early pig domestication, dispersal, and turnover in the Near East, we analyzed ancient mitochondrial DNA and dental geometric morphometric variation in 393 ancient pig specimens representing 48 archeological sites (from the Pre-Pottery Neolithic to the Medieval period) from Armenia, Cyprus, Georgia, Iran, Syria, and Turkey. Our results reveal the first genetic signatures of early domestic pigs in the Near Eastern Neolithic core zone. We also demonstrate that these early pigs differed genetically from those in western Anatolia that were introduced to Europe during the Neolithic expansion. In addition, we present a significantly more refined chronology for the introduction of European domestic pigs into Asia Minor that took place during the Bronze Age, at least 900 years earlier than previously detected. By the 5th century AD, European signatures completely replaced the endemic lineages possibly coinciding with the widespread demographic and societal changes that occurred during the Anatolian Bronze and Iron Ages.

Ottoni, C., Girdland Flink, L., Evin, A., Georg, C., De Cupere, B., Van Neer, W., et al. (2013). Pig domestication and human-mediated dispersal in western eurasia revealed through ancient DNA and geometric morphometrics. MOLECULAR BIOLOGY AND EVOLUTION, 30(4), 824-832 [10.1093/molbev/mss261].

Pig domestication and human-mediated dispersal in western eurasia revealed through ancient DNA and geometric morphometrics

Ottoni C.;
2013-01-01

Abstract

Zooarcheological evidence suggests that pigs were domesticated in Southwest Asia similar to 8,500 BC. They then spread across the Middle and Near East and westward into Europe alongside early agriculturalists. European pigs were either domesticated independently or more likely appeared so as a result of admixture between introduced pigs and European wild boar. As a result, European wild boar mtDNA lineages replaced Near Eastern/Anatolian mtDNA signatures in Europe and subsequently replaced indigenous domestic pig lineages in Anatolia. The specific details of these processes, however, remain unknown. To address questions related to early pig domestication, dispersal, and turnover in the Near East, we analyzed ancient mitochondrial DNA and dental geometric morphometric variation in 393 ancient pig specimens representing 48 archeological sites (from the Pre-Pottery Neolithic to the Medieval period) from Armenia, Cyprus, Georgia, Iran, Syria, and Turkey. Our results reveal the first genetic signatures of early domestic pigs in the Near Eastern Neolithic core zone. We also demonstrate that these early pigs differed genetically from those in western Anatolia that were introduced to Europe during the Neolithic expansion. In addition, we present a significantly more refined chronology for the introduction of European domestic pigs into Asia Minor that took place during the Bronze Age, at least 900 years earlier than previously detected. By the 5th century AD, European signatures completely replaced the endemic lineages possibly coinciding with the widespread demographic and societal changes that occurred during the Anatolian Bronze and Iron Ages.
2013
Pubblicato
Rilevanza internazionale
Articolo
Esperti anonimi
Settore BIO/08 - ANTROPOLOGIA
English
pig domestication
wild boar
Neolithic
phylogeography
Animal Distribution
Animals
Animals, Domestic
Asia
DNA, Mitochondrial
Europe
Humans
Molar
Phylogeography
Sequence Analysis, DNA
Sus scrofa
Swine
Ottoni, C., Girdland Flink, L., Evin, A., Georg, C., De Cupere, B., Van Neer, W., et al. (2013). Pig domestication and human-mediated dispersal in western eurasia revealed through ancient DNA and geometric morphometrics. MOLECULAR BIOLOGY AND EVOLUTION, 30(4), 824-832 [10.1093/molbev/mss261].
Ottoni, C; Girdland Flink, L; Evin, A; Georg, C; De Cupere, B; Van Neer, W; Bartosiewicz, L; Linderholm, A; Barnett, R; Peters, J; Decorte, R; Waelkens, M; Vanderheyden, N; Ricaut, F-; Cakirlar, C; Cevik, O; Hoelzel, Ar; Mashkour, M; Mohaseb Karimlu, Af; Sheikhi Seno, S; Daujat, J; Brock, F; Pinhasi, R; Hongo, H; Perez-Enciso, M; Rasmussen, M; Frantz, L; Megens, H-; Crooijmans, R; Groenen, M; Arbuckle, B; Benecke, N; Strand Vidarsdottir, U; Burger, J; Cucchi, T; Dobney, K; Larson, G
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Utilizza questo identificativo per citare o creare un link a questo documento: https://hdl.handle.net/2108/288551
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