Prevalenza della fibrillazione atriale, eleggibilità al trattamento e consumo di anticoagulanti orali nelle Aziende Sanitarie italiane: impatto dei nuovi anticoagulanti

Background. Atrial fibrillation (AF) increases significantly the risk of comorbidities and premature death. This paper aims to estimate: 1) the current prevalence of AF in Italy as a whole and within individual local health authorities (LHA); 2) the proportion of strongly eligible patients receiving oral anticoagulants; 3) the impact of non-vitamin K antagonist oral anticoagulants (NOACs). Methods. The prevalence of AF and the proportion of patients strongly eligible for anticoagulant treatment (defined by a CHADS2 score ≥2) were obtained by applying the results of a systematic literature search to the Italian population stratified by gender, age and LHA. The consumption of oral anticoagulants in eligible patients within each LHA was derived from Intercontinental Marketing Services data. Results. Altogether, the detected prevalence of AF in Italy is 1.7%, i.e. 1 036 448 cases. Of these, 62.6%, i.e. 648 832 subjects, are estimated to have a CHADS2 ≥2 and therefore strongly eligible for anticoagulant treatment. The estimated percentage of eligible treated patients in 2015 was 43.7%, significantly greater compared to 2014 (31.3%), with local and regional variabilities. In 2015 the estimated use of NOACs for AF was 36.4% of all oral anticoagulants, with marked local and regional variabilities. NOAC prescription appears influenced by financial limitations and by factors related to the network of anticoagulation services. Conclusions. The present analysis shows a prevalence of AF in Italy of 1.7%. The overall rate of anticoagulant use is increasing, but is still insufficient, with marked regional and local variations. In 2015, approximately one third of oral anticoagulation in eligible patients was based on NOACs.