Measuring the impact of ICNIRP vs. stricter-than-ICNIRP exposure limits on QoS and EMF from cellular networks

The installation of new equipment (Base Stations, BSs) during the planning phase of a cellular network (including 5G BSs) is governed by exposure limits in terms of allowable ElectroMagnetic Field (EMF) levels. The exposure limits can be either defined by (i) international bodies (e.g., ICNIRP) or (ii) national regulations imposing limits stricter than (i). In this work, we compare the impact of ICNIRP vs. stricter-than-ICNIRP exposure regulations on the Quality of Service (QoS) and EMF. To this aim, we perform a large-scale measurement campaign in one scenario in Spain subject to ICNIRP regulations and another one in Italy subject to EMF limits stricter than ICNIRP ones. Both the scenarios are characterized by similar exposure conditions, comparable user density, and common 4G performance targets by the operators. Results, obtained by measuring QoS and EMF at selected locations, reveal that the QoS in the scenario subject to strict EMF limits is heavily worsened compared to the one in which ICNIRP-based limits are enforced. Clearly, the scenario with strict EMF limits presents a lower level exposure over the territory compared to the one imposing ICNIRP limits.