An omic approach to congenital diaphragmatic hernia: a pilot study of genomic, microRNA, and metabolomic profiling

Introduction The omic approach can help identify a signature that can be potentially used as biomarkers in babies with congenital diaphragmatic hernia (CDH). Objectives To find a specific microRNA (miR) and metabolic fingerprint of the tracheal aspirates (TA) of CDH patients. We conducted a genetic analysis from blood samples. Methods TA samples collected in the first 48 h of life in patients with CDH, compared with age-matched controls. Metabolomics done by a mass spectroscopy-based assay. Genomics done using chromosomal microarray analysis. Results CDH (n = 17) and 16 control neonates enrolled. miR-16, miR-17, miR-18, miR-19b, and miR-20a had an increased expression, while miR-19a had a twofold decreased expression in CDH patients, compared with age-matched control patients. Specific metabolites separated neonates with CDH from controls. A genetic mutation found in a small subset of patients. Conclusions Specific patterns of metabolites and miR expression can be discerned in TA samples in infants with CDH.