Focus on Internal Urethrotomy as Primary Treatment for Untreated Bulbar Urethral Strictures: Results from a Multivariable Analysis

Background: The use of internal urethrotomy for treatment of urethral stricture remains a controversial topic in urology.Objective: To investigate outcomes and predictors of failure for internal urethrotomy as primary treatment for untreated bulbar urethral strictures.Design, setting, and participants: We performed a retrospective analysis of patients who underwent internal urethrotomy. Patients with bulbar urethral stricture who did not receive any previous treatment were included. Patients with traumatic, penile or posterior urethral strictures, lichen sclerosus, failed hypospadias repair, or stricture length >4 cm were excluded.Outcome measurements and statistical analysis: The primary outcome was treatment failure. Kaplan-Meyer plots were used to depict treatment failure-free survival. Univariate and multivariable Cox regression analyses were used to test the association between predictors (age, body mass index, diabetes, history of smoking, etiology, stenosis type and length, preoperative maximum flow [pQ(max)]) and treatment failure.Results and limitations: Overall, 136 patients were included. The median stricture length was 2 cm. Median follow-up was 55 mo. At 5-yr follow-up the failure-free survival rate was 57%. On univariate analysis, diabetes, nonidiopathic etiology, stricture length of 3-4 cm, and pQ(max) were significantly associated with treatment failure. These predictors were included in a multivariable analysis, in which pQ(max) was the only significant predictor of treatment failure.Conclusions: Failure of internal urethrotomy for untreated bulbar urethral strictures greatly depends on pQ(max) flow at uroflowmetry. Patients with pQ(max >) 8 ml/s have a high probability of success, while patients with pQ(max) <5 ml/s have a low probability of success.Patient summary: The use of internal urethrotomy in patients with an untreated bulbar urethral stricture should only be considered in selected cases. (C) 2018 European Association of Urology. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.