Despite germ cell tumors (GCTs) responding to cisplatin-based chemotherapy at a high rate, a subset of patients does not respond to treatment and have significantly worse prognosis. The biological mechanisms underlying the resistance remain unknown. In this study, by using two TGCT cell lines that have acquired cisplatin resistance after chronic exposure to the drug, we iden-tified some key proteins and mechanisms of acquired resistance. We show that cisplatin-resistant cell lines had a non-homologous end-joining (NHEJ)-less phenotype. This correlated with a reduced basal expression of TP53-binding protein 1 (53BP1) and DNA-dependent protein kinase (DNA-PKcs) proteins and reduced formation of 53BP1 foci after cisplatin treatment. Consistent with these observations, modulation of 53BP1 protein expression altered the cell line’s resistance to cisplatin, and inhibition of DNA-PKcs activity antagonized cisplatin cytotoxicity. Dampening of NHEJ was accompanied by a functional increase in the repair of DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs) by the homologous recombination repair pathway. As a result, cisplatin-resistant cells were more resistant to PARP inhibitor (PARPi) monotherapy. Moreover, when PARPi was given in combination with cisplatin, it exerted an additive/synergistic effect, and reduced the cisplatin dose for cytotoxicity. These results suggest that treatment of cisplatin-refractory patients may benefit from low-dose cis-platin therapy combined with PARPi.

Caggiano, C., Cavallo, F., Giannattasio, T., Cappelletti, G., Rossi, P., Grimaldi, P., et al. (2021). Testicular germ cell tumors acquire cisplatin resistance by rebalancing the usage of DNA repair pathways. CANCERS, 13(4), 1-24 [10.3390/cancers13040787].

Testicular germ cell tumors acquire cisplatin resistance by rebalancing the usage of DNA repair pathways

Cavallo F.;Rossi P.;Grimaldi P.;Barchi M.
2021-01-01

Abstract

Despite germ cell tumors (GCTs) responding to cisplatin-based chemotherapy at a high rate, a subset of patients does not respond to treatment and have significantly worse prognosis. The biological mechanisms underlying the resistance remain unknown. In this study, by using two TGCT cell lines that have acquired cisplatin resistance after chronic exposure to the drug, we iden-tified some key proteins and mechanisms of acquired resistance. We show that cisplatin-resistant cell lines had a non-homologous end-joining (NHEJ)-less phenotype. This correlated with a reduced basal expression of TP53-binding protein 1 (53BP1) and DNA-dependent protein kinase (DNA-PKcs) proteins and reduced formation of 53BP1 foci after cisplatin treatment. Consistent with these observations, modulation of 53BP1 protein expression altered the cell line’s resistance to cisplatin, and inhibition of DNA-PKcs activity antagonized cisplatin cytotoxicity. Dampening of NHEJ was accompanied by a functional increase in the repair of DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs) by the homologous recombination repair pathway. As a result, cisplatin-resistant cells were more resistant to PARP inhibitor (PARPi) monotherapy. Moreover, when PARPi was given in combination with cisplatin, it exerted an additive/synergistic effect, and reduced the cisplatin dose for cytotoxicity. These results suggest that treatment of cisplatin-refractory patients may benefit from low-dose cis-platin therapy combined with PARPi.
2021
Pubblicato
Rilevanza internazionale
Articolo
Esperti anonimi
Settore BIO/16 - ANATOMIA UMANA
English
Con Impact Factor ISI
GERM CELL TUMOURS, CISPLATIN RESISTANCE, DNA REPAIR, HOMOLOGOUS RECOMBINATION, NON HOMOLOGOUS END JOINING, PARP INHIBITORS
Caggiano, C., Cavallo, F., Giannattasio, T., Cappelletti, G., Rossi, P., Grimaldi, P., et al. (2021). Testicular germ cell tumors acquire cisplatin resistance by rebalancing the usage of DNA repair pathways. CANCERS, 13(4), 1-24 [10.3390/cancers13040787].
Caggiano, C; Cavallo, F; Giannattasio, T; Cappelletti, G; Rossi, P; Grimaldi, P; Feldman, Dr; Jasin, M; Barchi, M
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Utilizza questo identificativo per citare o creare un link a questo documento: https://hdl.handle.net/2108/267821
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