The theater of Diderot and Marivaux (but not only), in the eighteenth century, is the social and cultural place where a very high political stake is played. What is lawful to say and what, on the contrary, is it better or more prudent to be silent about, and not to say, or to which it is simply possible only to allude on the scene, with gestures, looks, movements? The theatrical space is, like the clandestine literature of the same era, also the place of a struggle for the affirmation of freedom of expression and thought, through «writing techniques» that make use of encrypted markers, signs that are allusions to a common code (art of writing) that only a few spectators have the opportunity to understand and decrypt. The essay analyzes some lesser known pièces by the two authors – Est-il bon? Est-il méchant? (Diderot) and L’Île des esclaves (Marivaux) – to identify the subtle interplay of references to the theme of political freedom of conscience, through the détours of clandestine writing and (self) censorship.
Le commedie di P. Ch. De Marivaux, L’Isola degli schiavi (1725) e di D. Diderot, È buono? È malvagio? (1781) hanno molti tratti filosofici comuni 1. I due testi appartengono alla grande tradizione della cultura illuministica europea del secolo XVIII, con i suoi temi caratteristici – la libertà, i legami di servitù-signoria, i privilegi, il peso delle ineguaglianze, le false convenzioni sociali ecc. – e le sue utopie: un mondo giusto, senza servi né padroni (come insegnava Voltaire: essere liberi significa, nella pratica, «non avere né servi né padroni, voilà la vraie vie» 2), relazioni umane improntate al rispetto dei diritti, dei sentimenti di umanità, della dignità reciproca degli esseri umani ecc. Il nuovo teatro borghese di Diderot – e prima ancora già in certe pièces di Marivaux – mette in scena un universo di rappresentazioni e di valori che “sfida” l’ordine sociale costituito, impone la critica dei pregiudizi e l’autonoma riflessione dello spettatore.
Quintili, P. (2020). Diderot: teatro e libertà : filosofia, censura, scrittura clandestina. DIANOIA, 31, 367-384.
Diderot: teatro e libertà : filosofia, censura, scrittura clandestina
Paolo Quintili
2020-12-01
Abstract
The theater of Diderot and Marivaux (but not only), in the eighteenth century, is the social and cultural place where a very high political stake is played. What is lawful to say and what, on the contrary, is it better or more prudent to be silent about, and not to say, or to which it is simply possible only to allude on the scene, with gestures, looks, movements? The theatrical space is, like the clandestine literature of the same era, also the place of a struggle for the affirmation of freedom of expression and thought, through «writing techniques» that make use of encrypted markers, signs that are allusions to a common code (art of writing) that only a few spectators have the opportunity to understand and decrypt. The essay analyzes some lesser known pièces by the two authors – Est-il bon? Est-il méchant? (Diderot) and L’Île des esclaves (Marivaux) – to identify the subtle interplay of references to the theme of political freedom of conscience, through the détours of clandestine writing and (self) censorship.| File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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