Ultra-fast outflows (UFOs) play a key role in the AGN feedback mechanism. It is therefore important to fully characterise their location and energetics. We study the UFO in the latest XMM-Newton archival observation of the NLSy1 galaxy PG 1448+273 by means of a novel modelling tool, that is, the Wind in the Ionised Nuclear Environment model (WINE). Our detection of the UFO in PG 1448+273 is very robust. The outflowing material is highly ionised, $log\xi = 5.53_{-0.05}^{+0.04}$ erg s$^{-1}$ cm, has a large column density, $N_mathrm{H} = 4.5_{-1.1}^{+0.8} imes 10^{23}$ cm$^{-2}$, is ejected with a maximum velocity $v_0 = 0.24^{+0.08}_{-0.06},c$ (90% c.l. errors), and attains an average velocity $v_mathrm{avg} = 0.152,c$. WINE remarkably succeeds in constraining a launching radius of $r_0=77_{-19}^{+31} , r_mathrm{S}$ from the black hole. We also derive a lower limit on both the opening angle of the wind ($ heta > 72^{circ}$) and the covering factor ($C_mathrm{f} > 0.69$). We find a mass outflow rate $dot{M}_mathrm{out}=0.65^{+0.44}_{-0.33},M_odot mathrm{yr}^{-1} = 2.0^{+1.3}_{-1.0}, dot{M}_mathrm{acc}$ and a large instantaneous outflow kinetic power $dot{E}_mathrm{out}=4.4^{+4.4}_{-3.6} imes 10^{44}$ erg s$^{-1}$ = 24% $L_mathrm{bol}$ = 18% $L_mathrm{Edd}$ ($1 sigma$ errors). We find that a major error contribution on the energetics is due to $r_0$, stressing the importance of an accurate determination through a proper spectral modelling, as done with WINE. Using 20 Swift (UVOT and XRT) observations and the simultaneous OM data from XMM-Newton, we also find that $alpha_mathrm{ox}$ undergoes large variations, with a maximum excursion of $Deltaalpha_mathrm{ox} =-0.7$, after the UFO is detected, leading to a remarkable X-ray weakness. This may point towards a starving of the inner accretion disk due to the removal of matter through the wind.
Laurenti, M., Luminari, A., Tombesi, F., Vagnetti, F., Middeim, R., Piconcelli, E. (2021). Location and energetics of the ultra-fast outflow in PG 1448+273. ASTRONOMY & ASTROPHYSICS, 645.
Location and energetics of the ultra-fast outflow in PG 1448+273
Tombesi, FSupervision
;Vagnetti, FSupervision
;
2021-01-22
Abstract
Ultra-fast outflows (UFOs) play a key role in the AGN feedback mechanism. It is therefore important to fully characterise their location and energetics. We study the UFO in the latest XMM-Newton archival observation of the NLSy1 galaxy PG 1448+273 by means of a novel modelling tool, that is, the Wind in the Ionised Nuclear Environment model (WINE). Our detection of the UFO in PG 1448+273 is very robust. The outflowing material is highly ionised, $log\xi = 5.53_{-0.05}^{+0.04}$ erg s$^{-1}$ cm, has a large column density, $N_mathrm{H} = 4.5_{-1.1}^{+0.8} imes 10^{23}$ cm$^{-2}$, is ejected with a maximum velocity $v_0 = 0.24^{+0.08}_{-0.06},c$ (90% c.l. errors), and attains an average velocity $v_mathrm{avg} = 0.152,c$. WINE remarkably succeeds in constraining a launching radius of $r_0=77_{-19}^{+31} , r_mathrm{S}$ from the black hole. We also derive a lower limit on both the opening angle of the wind ($ heta > 72^{circ}$) and the covering factor ($C_mathrm{f} > 0.69$). We find a mass outflow rate $dot{M}_mathrm{out}=0.65^{+0.44}_{-0.33},M_odot mathrm{yr}^{-1} = 2.0^{+1.3}_{-1.0}, dot{M}_mathrm{acc}$ and a large instantaneous outflow kinetic power $dot{E}_mathrm{out}=4.4^{+4.4}_{-3.6} imes 10^{44}$ erg s$^{-1}$ = 24% $L_mathrm{bol}$ = 18% $L_mathrm{Edd}$ ($1 sigma$ errors). We find that a major error contribution on the energetics is due to $r_0$, stressing the importance of an accurate determination through a proper spectral modelling, as done with WINE. Using 20 Swift (UVOT and XRT) observations and the simultaneous OM data from XMM-Newton, we also find that $alpha_mathrm{ox}$ undergoes large variations, with a maximum excursion of $Deltaalpha_mathrm{ox} =-0.7$, after the UFO is detected, leading to a remarkable X-ray weakness. This may point towards a starving of the inner accretion disk due to the removal of matter through the wind.File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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