Procalcitonin is a reliable marker of severe systemic infection in neutropenic haematological patients with mucositis

Patients with neutropenia are exposed to a high risk for infections in which fever is often the unique symptom [1]. Systemic infections remain the main cause of mortality in these patients therefore, the policy for infection management is to promptly administer empirical antibiotic therapy in order to avoid the increased risk of mortality related to the treatment delay [2]. However, microbiological diagnostic tests are not sufficiently rapid, sensitive or specific to indentify the microbial causes of fever, and a considerable number of patients suffer febrile episodes over a prolonged period without a definite microbiological etiology.