An overview on periodontal changes and dental movements

Only in recent times has been enhanced the importance of gingival crevicular fluid in periodontal health and in particular in maintaining the integrity of periodontium during application of orthodontic forces. The aim of this short review is to evaluate the importance of substances as valid biomarkers of periodontal health during orthodontic movements. A search on PubMed and Cochrane database was performed considering the literature from 2003 to 2014, using the following key words: gingival crevicular fluid, biomarkers of periodontal tissue, orthodontic movements. After abstracts screening, the full-texts of selected papers were analyzed and the papers found from the reference lists were also considered. The search focused on clinical applications documented in studies in the English language: levels of evidence included in the literature analysis were I, II and III. Literature analysis showed 28 papers that fulfilled the inclusion criteria. The conclusion is that GCF is a powerful vehicle for clinical diagnostics, since it contains different biochemical and cellular arrays in relation to different clinical situations indicative of the state of periodontal health during orthodontic treatment.