Urban transport planning and energy resources: Electric vehicle routing with reliable link travel times

The rise of new types of vehicles, as the electrical vehicles (EVs), requires defining new models for transport simulation and design, both for freight and for passengers. This paper focuses on freight transport on the land side and it is in the area of the smart city where transport, energy and information and communications technology sectors are considered. This paper focuses on the transport sector and, in particular, the formulation of a vehicle routing problem is considered. The adopted approach considers three aspects: reliable travel time, path generation and best route design for electric vehicles. A possible formulation for a vehicle routing problem with time windows is reported, considering a specific constraint for electric vehicles. The main results obtained in some case studies are reported.