Il sostegno del legislatore internazionale e nazionale allo sviluppo sostenibile

The 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development, with its 17 Sustainable Development Goals (GDS) and its 169 targets, is certainly the most important point in the route of international affirmation of the concept of Sustainable Development (which was first defined in 1987 in the Bruntland Report: «Humanity has the ability to make development sustainable to ensure that it meets the needs of the present»). The commitment of Nations, institutions, companies (large, medium or small), civil society and all individuals is essential to achieve the objectives of sustainable development, but the existence of a global strategic plan shared by all is the indispensable premise. The 2030 Agenda was approved on September 25, 2015 by the United Nations General Assembly and obliges the 169 Countries that adhere to the United Nations, without distinction between developed or developing Countries, to achieve the 17 objectives by 2030. In the writing, divided into three main parts (International Law, European Union Law and Italian Law), we will try to trace the path that led to the 2030 Agenda, taking into account the main ILO Declarations, where sustainable development appears inextricably connected to the notion of decent work (starting from The Tripartite declaration of principles concerning multinational enterprises and social policy of 1977 to The ILO centenary Declaration for the Future of Work of 2019), and the EU strategies (particularly Europe 2020). Indeed, the ILO and the EU have played a leading role in affirming sustainability both at European level and at global level. Then we will try to evaluate how the 2030 Agenda has affected the policies and the regulations of the European Union and of Italy, and what the tools have been used to achieve the objectives of sustainable development. Finally, attention will be paid to what are the measures that the 2030 Agenda uses to force States to implement the objectives. It will end up noting that the 2030 Agenda does not foresee (and probably could not have been otherwise) sanctions for States that do not collaborate in the achievement of its 17 sustainable development objectives but only moral suasion mechanisms, such as monitoring (which, moreover, is on a voluntary basis). The hope is that this will be sufficient to push the Member States to start or continue a path of sustainable development.