Development of fabrication processes for large area perovskite solar cells

The present work is focused on the scale-up of Perovskite solar cells (PSC) to large area. The development of processes for low cost manufacturing of large area devices is strictly related to the study of materials used for each layer of the cell, the improvements of deposition techniques and the reduction of device degradation. The realization of PSCs with low cost materials was made possible by the application of specific techniques previously developed for solid state dye solar cell (sDSC) technology. The blocking layer optimization, the mesopouros TiO2 layer and the use of molecular compounds and polymers as hole conductors materials (HTMs) are key issues also for PSCs. However, PSCs show many differences respect to sDSCs especially the light absorber, the charge transport and thickness of the layers used. The uniformity depositions of layers with a thickness between 100 nm and 300 nm, using low cost deposition techniques, represents a critical issue for the scale up process of this technology. Some part of the materials used like perovskite precursors and their solvents have an elevate toxicity level, so the manufacturing over large area must take in consideration the safety of the processes.