This polyphasic study provided for a description of the microbiocoenosis of the wall paintings in Maltese hypogea. Biofilm architecture was characterised by CLSM and ESEM. The cyanobacterial and microalgal diversity in phototrophic biofilms was described in terms of cytomorphology, distribution, molecular biology and environmental role. An understanding of biodeterioration and biomineralisation processes was achieved through the application of ESEM-EDS, μXRF and μXRD. The subaerial biofilms were made up of taxonomically complex, metabolically interactive, self-sustaining microbial communities. The main phototrophic organisms consisted of Oscillatorialean, Nostocalean and Stigonematalean cyanobacteria and Chlorococcalean microalgae, associated with chemoorganotrophic bacteria. An effort was made to integrate the results of the present study with those obtained from other studies of phototrophic biofilms growing in other Mediterranean catacombs and caves. The same general trends in biodiversity and distribution were found, a fact which clearly indicates that these communities are habitat-specific. Autotrophic production indirectly controlled microbially mediated processes and thus, the resulting biodeterioration of the archaeological surface. Most isolated cyanobacterial strains belong to presently undefined taxa, the status of which should be clarified in the near future.
Questo studio polifasico ha permesso di descrivere i biofilm fototrofi che si sviluppano sui dipinti murali presenti negli ipogei maltesi. L’architettura dei biofilm è stata caratterizzata tramite microscopia confocale (CLSM) ed elettronica a scansione (SEM) e la distribuzione, diversità e ruolo ecologico di cianobatteri e microalghe nei biofilm studiata dal punto di vista citomorfologico e genetico. La comprensione dei processi di biodeterioramento e biomineralizzazione è stata resa possibile grazie all’applicazione di tecniche quali la microsonda a raggi X (ESEM-EDS), la fluorescenza X (μXRF) e la diffrazione a raggi X (μXRD). La componente fototrofa predominante, associata sempre a una componente batterica chemoorganotrofa, è risultata essere costituita da microalghe appartenenti ai morfotipi di Chlorella e Trentepohlia e da cianobatteri appartenenti agli ordini Oscillatoriales, Nostocales e Stigonematales. I risultati del presente studio sono stati confrontati con quelli ottenuti da studi di biofilm fototrofi sviluppatisi in grotte e catacombe sempre situate in area mediterranea. Si è così riscontrata una generale somiglianza in termini di biodiversità e distribuzione, fattori che indicano che queste comunità sono specifiche di questi ambienti. I processi fotosintetici, controllando indirettamente l’azione microbica sul substrato, promuovono il biodeterioramento delle superfici di interesse archeologico. La gran parte dei ceppi cianobatterici isolati appartengono a taxa che non sono attualmente ancora ben definiti dal punto di vista tassonomico e filogenetico.
Zammit, G. (2010). A non-invasive approach to the polyphasic study of photoptrophic biofilms colonising Maltese hypogea [10.58015/zammit-gabrielle_phd2010-07-30].
A non-invasive approach to the polyphasic study of photoptrophic biofilms colonising Maltese hypogea
ZAMMIT, GABRIELLE
2010-07-30
Abstract
This polyphasic study provided for a description of the microbiocoenosis of the wall paintings in Maltese hypogea. Biofilm architecture was characterised by CLSM and ESEM. The cyanobacterial and microalgal diversity in phototrophic biofilms was described in terms of cytomorphology, distribution, molecular biology and environmental role. An understanding of biodeterioration and biomineralisation processes was achieved through the application of ESEM-EDS, μXRF and μXRD. The subaerial biofilms were made up of taxonomically complex, metabolically interactive, self-sustaining microbial communities. The main phototrophic organisms consisted of Oscillatorialean, Nostocalean and Stigonematalean cyanobacteria and Chlorococcalean microalgae, associated with chemoorganotrophic bacteria. An effort was made to integrate the results of the present study with those obtained from other studies of phototrophic biofilms growing in other Mediterranean catacombs and caves. The same general trends in biodiversity and distribution were found, a fact which clearly indicates that these communities are habitat-specific. Autotrophic production indirectly controlled microbially mediated processes and thus, the resulting biodeterioration of the archaeological surface. Most isolated cyanobacterial strains belong to presently undefined taxa, the status of which should be clarified in the near future.File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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