The PTPN22 gene encodes the protein tyrosin phosphatase LYP, which is an inhibitor of TCR signal transduction. Recently, a variant of PTPN22 (1858T) has been associated with the development and progression of Type 1 Diabetes (T1D). This variant is a single nucleotide change at residue 1858 from C to T, which result in a single amminoacid substitution from arginine to tryptophan at position 620 of the LYP protein. Recent studies showed that this LYP variant has an enhanced inhibitory effect on TCR signalling suggesting that the polymorphism confers a gain-of-function form to the protein. The aim of this study was to further characterize the effect of PTPN22 C1858T polymorphism on T cell immune function in a cohort of T1D patients from continental Italy. In the part I of the study we investigated the association between PTPN22 polymorphism and our cohort of T1D patients. We examined 216 T1D patients and 271 healthy subjects from Rome. We found a higher frequency of 1858T allele in T1D patients than in healthy controls (11.6% vs 5.9%, p< 0.03). We found a significantly higher frequency of autoimmune thyroiditis (20% in 1858T carriers vs 12% in non carriers, p <0.05). We also observed a significant correlation between the 1858T allele and the DQ2 (A1*0501) HLA genotype. In the part II of the study we examined the effect of PTPN22 polymorphism on proliferation and cytokine production of lymphocytes from healthy controls carrying the C/C polymorphism and from T1D patients carrying the two LYP variants. Monocyte-depleted pheripheral blood mononuclear cells were obtained from 3 C/C healthy children, 16 C/C, 10 C/T and 1 T/T T1D patients and stimulated with or without OKT3/CD28 or PMA/Ionomycin. We observed a defective proliferation of T cells from T1D patients compare to healthy controls irrespective of PTPN22 polymorphism. We found no differences in T cells proliferation upon TCR activation between T cells from C/C and C/T T1D patients, but a marked defect was observed in T cells from the T1D patient carrying the T/T genotype. Nevertheless, subjects carrying the C/T genotype had significantly lower IL-2 production compared to those with the wild type genotype (p= 0.002). Interestingly, in T cells from the T1D patient carrying the T/T genotype the production of IL-2 was totally absent. Furthermore, we observed a marked defect of IL-17 and IFN-γ production by T cells from the T1D patient carrying the T/T genotype. Since we did not observe the dramatic immunological effect that would have been expected by the gain-of-function of the W620 LYP variant, in the Part III of the study we examined if there are molecular mechanisms that might explain our finding. Interestingly, we found a defect of protein expression in T cells from T1D patients carrying the C/T genotype compared to T1D carrying the C/C genotype. This defect was completely restored after inhibition of the proteasome, suggesting that LYP W620 is more degraded than LYP wild-type. Our hypothesis is that the lack of binding of LYP W620 to Csk, a know LYP-interacting protein, might lead to a greater amount of free protein in the cytosol, could be more susceptible to degradation. The resulting reduction of the mutated LYP compared to the wild-type LYP, might mask its the gain-of function effect in T cells of heterozygous T1D patients.
Il gene PTPN22 codifica per LYP, una fosfatasi che regola negativamente l’attivazione del recettore delle cellule T (TCR). Recentemente un polimorfismo di PTPN22 (C1858T) e’ stato associato con un maggiore rischio di svluppare il Diabete Tipo 1 (DM1). Questa variante consiste nella sostituzione di una citosina con una timidina nel residuo 1858 del gene, che determina la sostituzione di una arginina con un triptofano in posizione 620 della proteina. Studi recenti hanno mostrato che questa variante di LYP determina una maggiore inibizione sull’attivazione del TCR, suggerendo che il polimorfismo conferisce alla proteina un aumento della sua funzione inibitoria. Lo scopo del nostro studio e’ stato quello di caratterizzare l’effetto del polimorfismo C1858T di PTPN22 sulla funzione delle cellule T in una coorte di pazienti affetti da DM1. Nella parte I dello studio abbiamo investigato l’associazione tra il polimorfismo di PTPN22 e il DM1, esaminando 216 e 271 controlli sani. Abbiamo trovato una piu’ alta frequenza dell’allele 1858T nei pazienti affetti da DM1 rispetto ai controlli (11.6% vs 5.9%, rispettivamente, p< 0.03). Abbiamo inoltre evidenziato una prevalenza significativamente maggiore di tiroidite autoimmune nei portatori dell’allele 1858T rispetto ai non portatori (20% vs 12%, p<0.05). Abbiamo inoltre osservato una correlazione significativa tra la presenza dell’allele 1858T e l’aplotipo DQ2 (A1*0501)dell’ HLA. Nella parte II dello studio abbiamo esaminato l’effetto del polimorfismo di PTPN22 sulla capacita’ di proliferazione e di produzione di citochine dei linfociti T di soggetti sani con genotipo C/C e di soggetti con DM1 portatori delle due varianti di LYP. Cellule CD14- sono state ottenute da 3 bambini sani con genotipo C/C, 16 bambini affetti da DM1 con genotipo C/C, 10 con genotipo C/T e 1 con genotipo T/T. Le cellule sono state stimolate con o senza OKT3/αCD28 o PMA/Ionomicina. Abbiamo osservato un difetto di proliferazione delle cellule T di pazienti con DM1 rispetto ai controlli sani indipendente dal polimorfismo di PTPN22. Non abbiamo osservato differenze nella capacita’ proliferativa delle cellule T dopo attivazione del TCR tra pazienti con genotipo C/C e pazienti con genotipo C/T, ma e’ stato evidenziato un marcato difetto di proliferazione nelle cellule T del paziente con genotipo T/T. Inoltre, cellule T di pazienti con genotipo C/T hanno mostrato un significativo difetto di produzione di interleuchina- (IL-2) rispetto alle cellule T di pazienti con genotipo C/C (p= 0.002). In accordo con la ridotta risposta proliferativa, le cellule T del paziente con genotipo T/T erano completamente incapaci di produrre IL-2. Inoltre abbiamo osservato un marcato difetto nella produzione di IL-17 and IFN-γ nelle cellule T del paziente con genotipo T/T. Non avendo evidenziato un marcato diffetto immunologico, legato all’aumento della attivita’ inibitoria della forma mutata di LYP in eterozigosi, ci siamo domandati se questo mancato difetto potesse essere dovuto a meccanismi di compenso messi in atto durante l’attivazione delle cellule T. Per questa ragione, nella parte III dello studio abbiamo ricercato possibili meccanismi molecolari che potessero influenzare la funzione di LYP W620 nelle cellule T. Abbiamo evidenziato un difetto di espressione dell proteina nelle cellule T dei pazienti con genotipo C/T rispetto a pazienti con genotipo C/C. Questo difetto di espressione e’ completamente ricostituito dopo inibizione del proteasoma, suggerendo che la forma mutata di LYP e’ piu’ soggetta a degradazione rispetto alla forma non mutata. La nostra ipotesi e’ che il mancato legame di LYP 620W con Csk, gia’ noto in letteratura, comporti un aumento della proteina libera nel citoplasma, rendendola piu’ soggetta a degradazione da parte del proteasoma. L’aumento di degradazione della forma mutata di LYP potrebbe cosi’ mascherare l’effetto “gain-of-function” nelle cellule T, spiegando in parte la mancata evidenza di un marcato difetto immunologico delle cellule T dei pazienti eterozigoti per il polimorfismo C1858T di PTPN22.
Rapini, N. (2010). Role of the phospatase LYP in T cell fuction: clinical, molecular and immunological correlates in a cohort of children affected by type 1 diabetes [10.58015/rapini-novella_phd2010-06-14].
Role of the phospatase LYP in T cell fuction: clinical, molecular and immunological correlates in a cohort of children affected by type 1 diabetes
RAPINI, NOVELLA
2010-06-14
Abstract
The PTPN22 gene encodes the protein tyrosin phosphatase LYP, which is an inhibitor of TCR signal transduction. Recently, a variant of PTPN22 (1858T) has been associated with the development and progression of Type 1 Diabetes (T1D). This variant is a single nucleotide change at residue 1858 from C to T, which result in a single amminoacid substitution from arginine to tryptophan at position 620 of the LYP protein. Recent studies showed that this LYP variant has an enhanced inhibitory effect on TCR signalling suggesting that the polymorphism confers a gain-of-function form to the protein. The aim of this study was to further characterize the effect of PTPN22 C1858T polymorphism on T cell immune function in a cohort of T1D patients from continental Italy. In the part I of the study we investigated the association between PTPN22 polymorphism and our cohort of T1D patients. We examined 216 T1D patients and 271 healthy subjects from Rome. We found a higher frequency of 1858T allele in T1D patients than in healthy controls (11.6% vs 5.9%, p< 0.03). We found a significantly higher frequency of autoimmune thyroiditis (20% in 1858T carriers vs 12% in non carriers, p <0.05). We also observed a significant correlation between the 1858T allele and the DQ2 (A1*0501) HLA genotype. In the part II of the study we examined the effect of PTPN22 polymorphism on proliferation and cytokine production of lymphocytes from healthy controls carrying the C/C polymorphism and from T1D patients carrying the two LYP variants. Monocyte-depleted pheripheral blood mononuclear cells were obtained from 3 C/C healthy children, 16 C/C, 10 C/T and 1 T/T T1D patients and stimulated with or without OKT3/CD28 or PMA/Ionomycin. We observed a defective proliferation of T cells from T1D patients compare to healthy controls irrespective of PTPN22 polymorphism. We found no differences in T cells proliferation upon TCR activation between T cells from C/C and C/T T1D patients, but a marked defect was observed in T cells from the T1D patient carrying the T/T genotype. Nevertheless, subjects carrying the C/T genotype had significantly lower IL-2 production compared to those with the wild type genotype (p= 0.002). Interestingly, in T cells from the T1D patient carrying the T/T genotype the production of IL-2 was totally absent. Furthermore, we observed a marked defect of IL-17 and IFN-γ production by T cells from the T1D patient carrying the T/T genotype. Since we did not observe the dramatic immunological effect that would have been expected by the gain-of-function of the W620 LYP variant, in the Part III of the study we examined if there are molecular mechanisms that might explain our finding. Interestingly, we found a defect of protein expression in T cells from T1D patients carrying the C/T genotype compared to T1D carrying the C/C genotype. This defect was completely restored after inhibition of the proteasome, suggesting that LYP W620 is more degraded than LYP wild-type. Our hypothesis is that the lack of binding of LYP W620 to Csk, a know LYP-interacting protein, might lead to a greater amount of free protein in the cytosol, could be more susceptible to degradation. The resulting reduction of the mutated LYP compared to the wild-type LYP, might mask its the gain-of function effect in T cells of heterozygous T1D patients.File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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