Laying the foundations of buildings in Rome: ceremonies, excavation diaries, chronicles and surveys (16th-19th century) In his novel, The Bridge on the Drina, Ivo Andric recounts a legend about the foundations of a bridge. He tells us that two young boys had to be walled alive into the central pier as an offering to the river spirit, to quell the destructive power of the current. This is a literary version of an archaic rite that expressed the anthropological signifi- cance of the act of foundation; a propitiatory gesture involving the ultimate sacrifice of a human being (over the centuries, this human sacrifice evolved into sacrificing animals and laying precious objects in the foundations). This custom re-appears in the sacred scriptures of the Judeo-Christian tradition, where there are recurring analogies between the spiritual edifice of faith and the physical building of a temple or church. What better occasion could there be for making these fascinating verbal allegories concrete and visible than the act of founding a religious building, which by inference becomes the basis of all architecture? The aim of this paper is to consider various aspects of foundations in architecture, using both iconographic and documentary sources (pontifical books, diaries and chronicles, the financial records of construction sites and surveys).
Nel romanzo Il ponte sulla Drina, Ivo Andrić narra la leggenda della fondazione di un ponte che avrebbe richiesto l’offerta allo spirito del fiume di due fanciulli murati vivi nella pila centrale per sopire la furia distruttiva della corrente; è la riproposizione letteraria di un rito arcaico che evidenzia l’importanza antropologica dell’atto del fondare, tanto da prevedere -quale gesto propiziatorio- il sacrificio estremo, quello umano (nei secoli, viene sostituito dall’uccisione di animali e dalla deposizione di oggetti preziosi negli scavi di fondazione). Nella tradizione ebraica-cristiana la consuetudine rifluisce nei testi sacri, nei quali è ricorrente la similitudine tra l’edificio spirituale della fede e la costruzione materiale di un tempio o di una chiesa. Quale occasione può essere più efficace per rendere materiali e visibili queste affasci- nanti allegorie lessicali se non l’atto del fondare un edificio sacro e, in senso lato, tutta l’architettura? Sulla base delle fonti iconografiche e documentarie (libri pontificali, diari e cronache, contabilità delle fabbriche e perizie) questo saggio intende riflettere sui vari aspetti del fondare l’architettura.
D'Amelio, M.g. (2012). 76. Gettare le fondamenta degli edifici a Roma: cerimoniali, diari di scavo, cronache e perizie (XVI-XIX secc.). ARCHEOLOGIA DELL'ARCHITETTURA(16), 110-123.
76. Gettare le fondamenta degli edifici a Roma: cerimoniali, diari di scavo, cronache e perizie (XVI-XIX secc.)
D'AMELIO, MARIA GRAZIA
2012-01-01
Abstract
Laying the foundations of buildings in Rome: ceremonies, excavation diaries, chronicles and surveys (16th-19th century) In his novel, The Bridge on the Drina, Ivo Andric recounts a legend about the foundations of a bridge. He tells us that two young boys had to be walled alive into the central pier as an offering to the river spirit, to quell the destructive power of the current. This is a literary version of an archaic rite that expressed the anthropological signifi- cance of the act of foundation; a propitiatory gesture involving the ultimate sacrifice of a human being (over the centuries, this human sacrifice evolved into sacrificing animals and laying precious objects in the foundations). This custom re-appears in the sacred scriptures of the Judeo-Christian tradition, where there are recurring analogies between the spiritual edifice of faith and the physical building of a temple or church. What better occasion could there be for making these fascinating verbal allegories concrete and visible than the act of founding a religious building, which by inference becomes the basis of all architecture? The aim of this paper is to consider various aspects of foundations in architecture, using both iconographic and documentary sources (pontifical books, diaries and chronicles, the financial records of construction sites and surveys).File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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