Development of the Tampa Scale of Kinesiophobia for Parkinson's disease: Confirmatory factor analysis, reliability, validity and sensitivity to change

the aim of this study was to validate the tampa scale of kinesiophobia for parkinson's disease (TSK-PD). this was a cross-sectional evaluation of the psychometric properties of an adapted questionnaire. the psychometric testing included confirmatory factor analysis, reliability by internal consistency (cronbach's α) and test-retest reliability (intraclass correlation coefficient), construct validity by comparing TSK-PD with the falls efficacy scale-International (FES-I), the movement disorder society - unified parkinson's disease rating scale (MDS-UPDRS), the hospital anxiety and depression score (HADS) and the short-form health survey (SF-36) (pearson's correlations), and sensitivity to change by calculating the smallest detectable change. the questionnaire was administered to 132 patients with parkinson's disease. factor analysis confirmed a two-factor (harm and activity avoidance), 13-item solution, which led to an acceptable data-model fit. Internal consistency (α=0.94) and test-retest reliability (intraclass correlation coefficient, model 2.1=0.90) were good. construct validity showed a close correlation between the TSK-PD and FES-I (r=-0.710); a moderate correlation with the MDS-UPDRS (r=0.513); moderate to close correlations with HADS-D (r=0.443) and HADS-A (r=0.626); moderate correlations with the mental subscales of the SF-36 (r=-0.327 to -0.563); and poor correlations with the physical subscales of the SF-36 (r=-0.236 to -0.248). the smallest detectable change was 11. The TSK-PD had a good factorial structure and satisfactory psychometric properties. Its use is recommended for clinical and research purposes.